Screening of some gene polymorphisms in Turkish type 2 diabetes patients

237 participants, 125 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients and 112 individuals in the control group, were examined through PZR-RFLP method in order to scan SNP-19 (rs3842570) in intron 6, SNP-44 (rs2975760) in intron 3 area of Calpain 10 (CAPN10) gene located within 37.3 region of the 2nd chromosome q banding, associated with type 2 diabetes, and N363S polymorphisms in exon 2 area of glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene located on chromosome 5q31-q32. No statistically significant difference was found between allele frequencies of CAPN10 gene SNP-19, SNP-44, and N363S polymorphisms of NR3C1 gene and T2DM development (p>0,05). Kalpain 10 gene SNP-19 deletion allele, SNP-44 C allele, and NR3C1 gene N363S G allele were determined to be risk factors for type 2 diabetes development. No statistically significant difference was found between CAPN10 gene SNP-19, SNP-44, and NR3C1 gene N363S polymorphism genotype frequencies and T2DM development (p>0,05). Kalpain 10 gene SNP-19 del/del, SNP-44 TC, and NR3C1 gene N363S AGT genotypes were determined to be risk factors for type 2 diabetes. It was observed that CAPN10 SNP-44 TC genotype increased T2DM development 1,34 times, with 3 times in females and 5 times in males; also NR3C1 N363S AGT genotype increased T2DM development 2,41 times, with 2,5 times in females and 2,25 times in males. In type 2 diabetes patients, a relationship between CAPN10 gene SNP-19 deletion allele and del/del genotype, SNP-44 C allele and TC genotype, NR3C1 gene N363S G allele and AG genotype and increased body-mass index was found. In this thesis study, some improvement in preventing the progress of illness, with early diagnosis and treatment start before symptoms in young individuals among diabetic individuals' family and relatives occur and/or before the illness progresses, will be achieved through polymorphism analysis in CAPN10 and NR3C1 genes associated with diabetes development in type 2 diabetes patients.