Clonal selection and determination of genetic diversity in Trabzon province fosa hazelnut population (Corylus avellana L.)

This study was carried out in 2019-2022 to determine genetic variation and select superior clonal candidates in Foşa and Yomra hazelnut populations. At the beginning of the study, 117 clone candidates in Foşa cultivar and 130 clone candidates in Yomra cultivar were examined among the populations. In the study, 50 clone candidates from Foşa cv. and 41 from Yomra cv. were determined. Examining the three-year average results, 8 clone candidates from Foşa cv and 10 clone candidates from Yomra cv were selected as promising. In Foşa clone candidates were determined from 29.83 (61OR62) g/cm2-60.36 g/cm2 (61YA17) for yield efficiency, were changed from 2.08 g (61YA59)-2.54 g (61OR31)- for nut weight, 1.00 g (61YA59)-1.32 g (61AI35) for kernel weight, 46.49% (61YA59)-50.25% (61AI35) for kernel ratio, 1.14 mm (61YA21)-1.26 mm (61OR31, 61AI35) for shell thickness, %89.67 (61OR07)-%95.67 (61YA21) for good kernel. In Yomra clone candidates were determined from 20.53 g/cm² (61AN41)-52.99 g/cm² (61AI29) for yield efficiency, were changed from 2.00 g (61AN30)-2.77 g (61AN41) for nut weight, 1.00 g (61AN30)-1.38 g (61AN41) for kernel weight, 46.48% (61OR32)-49.42% (61AI29) for kernel ratio, 1.05 mm (61OR42)-1.34 mm (61AN41) mm for shell thickness, %89.00 (61AN24)-%97.33 (61AN41) for good kernel. In Turkey, the synonymous of Foşa cultivar is called Yomra and Boyhane. Hazelnut producers in Trabzon called hazelnut individuals with similar nut characteristics as Foşa, Yomra, Boyhane. Since the morphological, phenological and pomological characteristics of the Yomra cultivar have not been determined, its identification has not been made and it is not registered among Turkish hazelnut cultivars. In our study, genetic differences were determined within and between populations in Foşa and Yomra populations. According to our findings, it was determined that the variation within the Yomra hazelnut population was richer than the Foşa hazelnut population. According to the results of SSR molecular characterization, genetic similarity was determined from 0.261 to 0.923 in selected Foşa clone candidates, 0.148 to 0.938 in selected Yomra clone candidates. Among the Foşa clone candidates, genetically most distance are (0.261) 61YA52 and 61AI20; and the most relationship are (0.923), 61OR29, 61AI44, 61AI61, 61AN20, 61AN44, 61AN60, 61AN62, 61AN63, 61OR21, 61OR25, 61OR27. Among the Yomra clone candidates, genetically most distance are (0.148) 61YA60 and 61AI34 and the most relationship are (0.938) 61AI37 and 61AI55.