Implementation of the traffic surveillance systems using wireless magnetic sensors

The design of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) using wireless sensor networks to observe any road traffic, get road information, or just identify vehicles, their speed and types has recently become an interesting and popular research topic due to its advantages in cost and energy efficiency. In this thesis, vehicle detection systems with a variety of applications such as road traffic monitoring, vehicle counting, recognition and classification, making the determination of the direction of vehicles, are developed in order to provide real-time, instant and novel solutions. To perform these applications, sensor circuit consisting of sensor node, magnetometer, power board and battery, is used. This sensor structure presents more accurate and intelligible results than sensor nodes used in other studies. The logical algorithm is proposed to carry out three applications with vehicle detection scenarios thanks to this sensor circuit. The traffic jam status of a specific part of a single lane road is monitored by using magnetic sensors connected to a multi-purpose sensor node. The instantaneous traffic information of the road in question is categorized into four levels: no traffic, low traffic, heavy traffic and very heavy traffic. Additionally, traffic jam situation in 24 hours, is detected with respect to number of vehicles passed on the same road by every hour. Then, vehicles passing by the road are classified as cars, minibuses, buses and trucks according to the proposed algorithm and MSL (Magnetic Signature Length) parameters. Finally, vehicle direction on the x axis is determined from left to right or from right to left. As a result, drivers could then be informed of the road traffic state. This goal can be accomplished by publishing the information on the internet. The low cost of sensor node components and sensor circuit designed and used, the low power consumption of the communication systems and the simple design of the traffic detection algorithm without complex mathematical computations make it superior to other systems.