Design and implementation of the internet of things based control system for transformer centers

The substations convert electrical energy to the appropriate voltage level for homes and workplaces. A significant amount of energy is transmitted through these substations. Today, critical infrastructures of almost all public and private institutions and organizations operate depending on this electricity transmission. Problems in this crucial infrastructure in many areas such as hospitals, industrial establishments, nuclear and other power plants, banks, military, etc., will lead to vital or financial problems. For this reason, rapid detection of a malfunction in these centers, notifying the relevant persons, and making the proper intervention according to the type of malfunction will prevent vital or financial losses. SCADA systems have been used for a long time in substation control, offer an expensive solution, and be a safe option. Effective and less costly solutions have begun to be produced with the development of the internet of things. This study presents a solution proposal that uses the internet of things and real-time operating system technologies to enable remote monitoring and control of substations. The proposed system monitors and controls the developed GUI application with the ESP32 development kit. The designed system can be intervened in real-time problems such as high voltage situations, high temperature, and overload or current. In addition to the features found in previously used systems, the addition of different communication technologies such as Bluetooth, a real-time operating system, priority mechanism, battery monitoring, and especially a cost-effective solution offer is presented as the outstanding features of the system. In addition, the proposed system can be used with an integrated scenario with smart lamps used in smart cities, which is one of the application areas of the internet of things technology.