Effect of some organic and inorganic material applications on grape yield, quality and ecophysiologic features of Trakya ilkeren and pri̇ma grape varieties

In this study carried out at the Research and application Vineyard of Depeartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova in 2019, effects of different organic and inorganic material applications on Trakta İlkeren and Prima grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted on 1103 Paulsen rootstock were investigated. Treatments were arranged as follows: control (K; no application), basaltic pumice (P), commercial dry compost (KK), pruning residue:farm manure mixture (v:v) (1:2) compost (BA+ÇG), straw:farm manure mixture (v:v) (1:2) compost (S+ÇG), P+KK, P+S+ÇG and P+BA+CG. After all, the highest yield (4320 g vine-1) and cluster weight (360.0 g) were found in KK and followed in P+KK (3874.5 g vine-1 and 322.9 g, respectively) application in Trakya İlkeren. In terms of berry weight and volume, the highest values (446.7 g and 423.3 mL, respectively) were also obtained in KK, P+KK and P+(BA+ÇG). In Prima, considering grape yield, cluster weight, berry weight and volume, the highest values (7031 g vine-1, 502.2 g, 437.0 g and 413.3 mL respectively) were obtained from P+BA+ÇG. Considering macro and micro element contents of the leaves, differences between treatments were statistically significant in N and K for Trakya İlkeren and in N, K, Mg, Fe, and Mn in Prima. The highest leaf mineral values obtained from treatments generally changed by elements. All macro and micro element concentrations were sufficient in all applications. Leaf temperature and chlorophyll level (SPAD readings) measured in Trakya İlkeren and Prima cultivars in full bloom and maturity period differed according to the applications. The highest SPAD values; S+ÇG (32.4) in İlkeren at full blooming time, P+(BA+ÇG) (33.7), P (32.0), KK (32.4) and P+(S+ÇG) (31.7) were measured in Prima variety detected in the same group. In maturity time measurements, higher values were obtained from BA+ÇG (37.8) in İlkeren and from P+(BA+ÇG) (41.9) application in Prima. Leaf temperature values measured at full bloom were P (32.3 oC) for İlkeren, P (31.1 oC), BA+ÇG (31.7 oC) and S+ÇG (31.2 oC) for Prima variety recorded in the same group; and at maturity, P+(S+ÇG) (41.0 oC) in İlkeren; S+ÇG (39.1 oC) in Prima gave the highest values. The general evaluation showed that the effect of compost applications alone or in combination with Pumice gave better results than control for most of the properties examined in this thesis. Even so, it is thought that it would be useful to evaluate the cumulative effects of such applications in order to suggest appropriate materials or mixture.