Byzantine-era commercial objects found in the tralleis excavations (1996-2021) coins, seals, weights and scales

This work's scope compromises the coins, weights, scales, various commercial equipment pieces and seal finds belonging to the Byzantine Empire era found during excavations of the Ancient City of Tralleis. Aforementioned finds were discovered during the excavations that took place between years 1996-2021 at Bath, Natatio, Latrina and Shop buildings found within Gymnasium-Bath building complex; and Housing area, Acropolis and Arsenal areas. There are no previous scholarly works conducted on the coins and commercial equipment dated to the Byzantine Era which are found during the archeological excavations conducted at the Ancient City of Tralleis. Through a combination of investigated findings, Tralleis' contributions to monetary economics both in Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire are evaluated in detail. In this work, all coin finds belonging to the catalogued Tralleis excavation are evaluated chronologically, typologically and iconographically; while commercial objects are analysed on their uses and production techniques. For referencing the finds within the Seal and Commercial Object Catalogue; publishings conducted on archeological excavations from West Anatolia Region were primarily taken into account, and then the publishings regarding archeological findings of other regions were utilised. Within the catalogue, there are 179 coins, one lead seal and weight, weighbridge, scale and scale plate and 48 objects related to these commercial equipment that are all dated to the Byzantine Empire era.