The Evaluaiton of goverment subsidies on developing of tourism sector (Model of Turkey after 1980)

Tourism; besides being a place where people consiantly have houses, is an activity which arises their needs when they travel and places they temporarily reside. In the 1990's with the developement of years, the rapidly growing tourism both in the world and in Turkey has become the on of the largest sectors. Today's largest third sector tourism, is gives positive impact of employment and foreing trade blance payment to developing countries. Also, tourism is a effictive gun for growing up structure and blance of development between regions. Tourism is the most important supplying sector in Turkey. When looking at the 2000 istatistics, with a tourism income of 7.6 billion Dollars, Turkey is the 14th in the world a percentage of 16,9 of the total employment percentage in Turkey is formed by the direct and indirect workers in the tousim sector. The tourism sector possesses a rather mixed and complex structure which in some places with effort to plan and coordinated should be developed. For axample, the absolute necessity for land that is going to be used as a tourism investment to carry a naturel and cultural quality and land with these qualities must be large enough properties and that they are very hard to find at suitable price, as for public land owners not being able to surpass burocratic obstacles, eliminates the ability to invest. Also, a good substructure is needed to establish a superstructure. İt is almost impossible to fulfill all of these as an investor on his/her own. Because of this the government carries out many incentive programs and support tourism investors so that passage of tourism income increases. When we look at countries which are our rivals in the tourism sector, it can be seen that tourism is seriously supported by European Community's fund and by their own governments. VIIIf we look at our rivals in European Community, as a big rate, tourism is supported by indirect subsidies. Usually, these subsidies are donates and low rate, long period credites and they are given to the investigation, advertisement, cultural investments, infiastructure investments and to SME If we compare European Community Countries to Turkey, we will find out that, altough the higest taxes to tourism are in Turkey, subsidies, government expenditures, capital investments are most insufficient. No matter how insufficient the tourism sector of Turkey is in especially between 1983-1994, was subsided and in a short period of time showed a large amount of improverment at investment, hotels rooms and tourism incomes. It appeares that, donates was more effective but tax subsided was not effect to the investment decisions. Although these good developments between 1983-1994, after the economical crisis in 1994, all subsidies was stopped, so all tourism investments had a big decreased. Especially after 1994, it has come to the stopping point and due to the many delaying points in our incentives system it is difficult to show any progress. According to the need of this period, Turkey needs an appropriate, functioning tourism incentive politics. Tourism musn't be managed with general laws and incentive politics but needs it's own characteristic laws and incentive politics. In Turkey, donates must be given again, tourism business must be accepted as SME, low rate and long period credites must be given, taxes need reduction as soon as possible. Otherwise, Turkey will not have any chance to rival against other countries.