Soft power and international student mobility in Turkish foreign policy: The Case of Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University

Soft power holds a significant place in foreign policy. Today, international higher education and international student mobility have become an essential soft power tool and a global competitive arena. In this study, the soft power impact of international student mobility as a soft power and public diplomacy tool in Turkish foreign policy was examined focusing on international graduates from Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University. Quantitative and qualitative analysis methods were used to analyse the data obtained from 64 survey participants and 17 participants in semi-structured interviews. The study explores Turkey's attractiveness in international student mobility, satisfaction levels of international alumni, their attachment to Turkey, willingness to recommend education in Turkey, perception of Turkey and support for its foreign policy. The study results showed that scholarship opportunities, religious affinity, and quality education in certain disciplines became attractive factors for international students. The students expressed satisfaction with their education and international student policies in Turkey but also the need for improvement in education quality and alumni policies and relations. The students reported a strong attachment to Turkey, a desire to maintain this bond, recommendation for studying in Turkey, a positive perception of Turkey and a support for Turkey's foreign policy. However, the students also noted that economic issues and the devaluation of the currency damage Turkey's reputation. The study concludes that, while international student mobility has achieved its intended impact as a soft power tool, the soft power effect alone is insufficient and must be supported by economic, cultural and social policies.