Outsourced restructuring projects and their results in the organization and doctrine of the Turkish Land Forces (1880-1960)

Option for outsourced reorganization in Ottoman/Turkish Land Forces made into state executives' agenda at the end 17th century. Nevertheless, outsourced reorganization operations were planned and became more comprehensive around 1880s. The aim of this research is to find out how the operations of outsourced reorganization for reforming Ottoman/Turkish Land Forces between 1880 and 1960, which were carried out by military advisors of French, German, British, American and other countries, affected Turkish Land Forces in terms of equipment, organization structure and doctrine. As for these objectives, outsourced reorganization operations in Turkish Land Forces between 1880 and 1960 have been reviewed by qualitative analysis method and obtained evidence during the research have been examined chronologically and thematically. Furthermore, matters that are considered to be "milestone" in this process have been provided with tangible examples. Thus, outsourced reorganization projects have been presented in terms of similarities and differences. Obtained evidence showed that modernization of equipment in outsourced reorganization projects led to change of doctrine, and change of doctrine led to change in organization structure. This situation in time brought up the danger of being dependent militarily, financially and policitically on countries providing assistance. Therefore, forming a domestic defence industry which functions well and keeps up with technological developments as well as creating an independent national military culture and taking measures to protect this structure are deemed to be absolute necessity.