In the first years of republic devoloping geometric from manner and its effects on Turkish figurativ painting.

Througt the course of art history there has always been paintings which have asense of geometry. But only in modern art and especially in cubism the sense ofgeometry has been an overwhelming expression.In Turkish art, modern painting has been recognized by the first generation ofpainters in Republic period. They have been sent to Europe by the government as a resultof the cultural policies. Mostly in Paris but also in Munich they have studied cubism andother modern movements. Having the knowledge of modern art, they have returned toTurkey in 1928 and established The Society of Independent Painters and Sculptors(Müstakil Ressamlar ve Heykeltraşlar Birliği). This artist society has held manyexhibitions in which there were modern works of art.Zeki Kocamemi and Ali Avni Çelebi have been defined as most important twopainters who focused on form analysis and thus they have orientated the manner ofMüstakiller. Both of them have studied under Hans Hoffman in Munich. BesidesHoffman; thereare other western painters like André Lhote, Fernand Léger, Othon Friesz,Marcel Gromaire, Ernest Laurent and Lucien Simon who influenced the Turkish paintingthrough the manner of geometric form.The painters Nurullah Berk, Zeki Faik İzer, Elif Naci, Cemal Tollu, Abidin Dinoand sculptor Zühtü Müridoğlu have established the Group d in 1933. Under thepronunciation if ?live art? this groupe, has widespreaded in Turkish painting the cubiststructural and sentetic cubist form manners of Lhote and Léger.ivDuring the first half of the 1950?s, while an orginal style was developed throughthe synthesis of western art and traditional arts there were also strong influence ofabstract/non-figürative manner.Until 1973 many paintings were produced in geometric form manner which hasincluded in Turkish painting with the first generation of painters in Republic period.Since 1973, there have been various formal attitudes in Turkish painting and it isnot easy to make classification