Practices of subjectivity in Turkish utopias

In this study, Turkish utopias are considered as a form of government. Utopias have been critical texts that address social problems from the moment they exist. In addition they are to being critical also suggest a proposal alternative solution for social problems. Besides they are being literary texts, with these suggestions utopias have become governmental fictions. Turkish utopias emerged in the nineteenth century with similar concerns. In this context, Turkish utopias are examined as a governmental fiction in this study. On the other hand, the issue of government has been discussed within the framework of Foucauldian method with "subjectivity practices". For Foucault, subjectivity practices are meant to explain the "governmental" order. In this sense, Foucault discussed the "subject" with governmentality and changing power notions. Power is reduced to the capillaries of society. All these concepts are also evaluated from the perspective of modernization. In the foucauldian approach, modernization creates a life-based "governmentality". In this study, the concept of governmentality is put forwarded with the example of Turkish/Ottoman modernization within the framework of changing power. All in all, the concept of modernization in Turkey is discussed "non-subject" position. For this purpose, this study is discussed Turkish modernization on the axis of the subject and is suggested that Ottoman modernization can be explain by "practices of subjectivity". In the second chapter, broadly the concept of utopia is discussed and the relationship of utopias and government are examined. This chapter also shows the difference between classical utopias and modern utopias. Thus, the changing in the context of government in utopias could be revealed over time. In the third and the last part, six Turkish utopias are discussed respectively within the framework of "Ottoman", "Women" and "Turkish subjects. By this means, subjectivity practices and utopias which are literary texts are examined. In this way, utopias are revealed, which is a literary fiction, can be handled within the framework of government. Keywords: Modernization, Governmentality, Utopias, Subject, Subjectivity Practices, Turkish Utopias