Faunistic and systematic investigations on the species of plant parasitic nematodes in raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) in some orchards in Turkey

There are a lot of harmful organisms that effects the efficiency of the Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) Orchards which has an important place growth in Turkey. The Tylenchida, Aphelenchida and Dorylaimida (Nematoda) constitutes the most important group of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and virus vector nematodes (VVNs) due to the fact that plants contain a large part of economically important harmful species. In this study, species of PPNs and VVNs are examined at raspberry and blackberry orchards in Turkey (Bursa, Düzce, Isparta, Mersin, Yalova, Muğla, Giresun ve Bartın province) by considering their two main aspects, namely faunistic and taxonomic. 2015-2016, during the May-June and September-October months, when adult nematod species are more abundant, soil and plant samples were taken from orchards in Bursa, Düzce, Isparta, Mersin, Yalova, Bursa, Giresun and Bartın province (Turkey). From these samples, nematodes were extracted, fixed, prepared and the ones belonging to nematodes (PPNs and VVNs) were identified by morphological and morphometric characters. In laboratory studies, a modified "Baermann funnel" method was used to obtaining active nematodes from soil. Incubation method was used to extract the nematodes from roots. For identification nematodes were fixed. The slides were prepared by "Ring" method. With this, totally 34 species were determined of which this species were of 18 genus of 11 subfamilies of 8 families of Tylenchoidae, Anguinoidae, Hoplolaimoidae, Dolichoroidea, Aphelenchoidea, Longidoridea superfamilies of Tylenchina ve Hoplolaimina, Aphelenchina ve Dorylaimina suborder of Tylenchina, Aphelenchida and Dorylaimida (Nematoda) order. The most encountered species in this study are Pratylenchus penetrans, P. neglectus, Filenchus filiformis, F. Anguilonius, Helicotylenchus digonicus and Aphelenchus avenae. All of them were recorded for the first time in raspberry and blackberry in the Turkey. In this species, Tylenchus elegans, Basiria solomonensis, Scutellonema bradys, S. labiatum and Amplimerlinius parbati are determined for the first time in the nematoda fauna of Turkey.