Türkiye and Germany's public diplomacy activities: A comparative analysis

While traditional diplomacy remains important in international relations, public diplomacy has also gained significance like traditional diplomacy. In this regard, it has become one of the effective factors in determining a country's position in the international system. Public diplomacy, which stands out as a field for the use of soft power, has necessitated a transformation in traditional diplomacy and paved the way for the development of new approaches in foreign policy. Although Türkiye may have been somewhat delayed compared to many other countries in systematically using this field as a policy tool, it can be said that in recent years it has effectively utilized this field. In this study, we aim to examine the public diplomacy activities of Türkiye and Germany comparatively. Firstly, to establish the conceptual framework, diplomacy, public diplomacy, and soft power concepts are discussed. After examining the application areas, topics, and tools of public diplomacy, theoretical approaches to public diplomacy are addressed. In the main section of the study, the public diplomacy activities of Türkiye and Germany are discussed within the historical context. The aim of this section is to highlight the general outlook and characteristic features of public diplomacy in both countries. Subsequently, the public diplomacy activities of Türkiye and Germany are examined through prominent areas of activity, topics, and actors. The data obtained are interpreted within the explanatory boundaries of public diplomacy theories, and the public diplomacy activities of Türkiye and Germany are compared.