Türkiye'de kentsel yayılmanın, spektral unmixed landsat görüntülerinden ve DMSP-OLS gece görüntülerinden saptanması

One of the main impacts of globalization has been the rapid expansion of urban areas. Urban areas are dynamic, with the potential to continually increase in size as horizantally and/or vertically. Over the last few decades, urbanization have increased in Turkey and it gained momentum after 1980s. Immigration from rural areas to cities due to the limited agriculture economy, and insufficient job and education opportunities played a fundamental role in this increase. Sometimes urban growth cannot be controlled; in such cases, expanding urban areas may damage natural resources and instigate land cover and land use change. Therefore, urban areas should be monitored periodically. Remote sensing is a reliable tool to monitor urban growth. In this study, Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Izmit, Bursa, Kayseri and Manisa which are developed and developing cities of Turkey, were selected as the study areas. As a method, the study areas were valuated for urban growth using spectral mixture analysis method. Remotely sensed images provide a fundamental tool of land cover and land use maps. However, this source lacks spatial detail because each pixel contains only one value for the denoted area. Heterogeneous areas, including urban areas, may therefore result in misclassifications. By unmixing a pixel into its components, it is possible to enable a more accurate classification of the area. Spectral mixture analysis uses linear mixture models to provide physical representations of land surface reflectance. In this study, spectral mixture analysis method was applied to Landsat images for three different dates (1984 or 1987, 1999 and 2009 or 2010). This method also was applied to determine and analyse seismic hazard and effects of it in Istanbul and Izmit. In this study, nighttime images acquired by Defense Meteorological Satellites Program/Operational Linescan System have been also used. Especially these images have provided important assistance to determine urban areas. The results of the study show changes in land cover and urban growth areas, which were determined using spectral mixture analysis as an alternative method.