Design of an integrated administration model for a real estate valuation in Turkey

Nowadays, with the acceleration of the urbanization process, real estate valuation and also, with the Industrial Revolution, which caused the population to increase rapidly, the policies that need to be developed in relation to the efficient use of land have become very important. Activities were carried out in the area of land management for the purpose of efficient use of the soil. The reason for the rapid increase in urban structure has led to the irregular and unplanned use of land. For this reason, it is inevitable that land, which is a limited resource, is executed with the right policies. Determination of the right standards and policies may be possible if the real estate valuation activities are carried out effectively. With the Industrial Revolution, land has become a more profitable asset with more sales, rather than being a basic source. With this development and change, the land value has gained a different dimension and necessity of using the land in a planned and effective manner has emerged. It is obvious that efficient land management is required for the planned use of land. Because one of the most important sources today is the sustainability of land, but it is possible to manage land properly and effectively. The most important phenomenon under the national development plan applicable to the land management of a country is land policy. Firstly, it should be emphasized that the concepts of land management and land management are used in semantically different contents. Because the concept of land management is used synonymously with the concept of land management in our country, but the terms in question meet different expressions in English. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to explain the concepts of land management and land management with internationally recognized expressions. Land management can be described as activities to be tracked for the sustainability of the land. Also, land management is the process of registering the rights related to the land, information about valuation and land use. Through the land administration, it is understood that the collection of the data related to the land, the examination of the legal rights of the land, the determination of the purposes of use and especially the evaluation of the valuation works is provided. For this reason, it is understood that one of the most basic elements necessary for land administration is real estate valuation. The concept of real estate valuation has gained considerable importance in the international real estate appraisal of private property after World War II. Since the concept of real estate valuation includes the right of property, on behalf of carrying out the valuation activities, the real estate valuation has been defined and standards and methods have been established. Apart from the activities carried out to determine the tax values, real estate valuation has also been effective in applications for land arrangements, land regulations, banking, loan pricing, insurance, privatization and expropriation. The notion of real estate valuation in Turkey draws attention in such cases as mortgage law design, privatization, the source of treasury real estate, unfair sharing in taxation system and profit taking. As seen in the real estate valuation, many areas have different values appreciation opinions. The reason for this situation is that the elements that affect the value in our country are handled from different directions with the reason that the legal regulations of different institutions are open to various interpretations in different applications. The value of the real estate influenced by, such as region, location, zoning status, soil structure, social environment, government strategies, commercial policies of the country. While emphasizing that different elements that affect the value of real estate are important in real estate valuation, it is not mentioned in our country how to legally integrate these concepts in real estate valuation. For this reason, real estate property evaluation in Turkey is carried out without being managed by a basic institution without being bound to a legal basis yet. Real estate valuation is usually handled differently by different institutions without a specific strategy and business union. This situation is the result of the fact that the absence of real estate appraisal legislative subdivision which is realized in our country with healthy and correct rules and the absence of administrative management. In Turkey, it is very important to determine the real estate values in the applications of expropriation, nationalization, land arrangements, privatization, real estate taxation, urban transformation, registration transactions, lending, banking, insurance both public and private sector applications. However, in all these applications different valuation results and interpretations arise for the real estate. The reason for this is that the various laws and regulations contained in the legal legislation on real estate property are far from being integrated. In real estate valuation, variable properties such as properties, locations, purpose of use should also be considered in the name of correct value appraisal. However, the absence of a legal and administrative base at the level that will answer these qualities in our country leads to various problems. Since the real estate valuation in our country is not based on a substantial legal structure yet, unfair sharing in real estate taxation leas to unfair gains through privatization. Such negativities can ultimately cause economic and social problems. Real estate valuation activities should be carried out objectively, subject to international valuation standards, by valuation experts in the field. As a result of these situations, real estate property activities in our country should be controlled by an impartial and legally binding administrative structure without making any profit. Although there is a structure that is important for the governments in our country, the real estate appraisal practices are insufficient from the legal and technical point of view. It is inevitable for our country to base its valuation methods on a healthier system in terms of social and economic aspects. For this reason, it is necessary to provide legal education for real estate valuation by establishing a legal basis, managing it by a single administrative management, and developing specialized individuals. There are countries that systematically carry out real estate valuation activities on an international scale. In Turkey, there are quite different interpretations and differences due to the fact that the legislative acts are added to the legislative act in relation to the periodical problems on a periodic basis and the valuation activities are made according to this legal basis. As a result, there are no specific standards and methods for real estate appraisal, and the valuation studies that are expressed differently and these cause distrust about the real estate valuation in Turkey. For this reason, an administrative structure to collect real estate valuation activities under one roof is required for our country. Within the scope of this thesis study; a new real estate valuation model has been proposed, especially for Turkey, by examining the current functioning and problems of real estate property valuation. For this purpose, firstly problem definitions have been made taking into consideration the main activities of our country in real estate valuation. Subsequently, necessary definitions and concepts are explained in real estate valuation and internationally accepted valuation methods are explained and examples are given. In addition to these, the legal basis, administrative structures and technical conditions of the countries which have a successful management structure in immovable valuation are examined. Furthermore, international organizations which leading on real estate valuation subject have been examined. In addition, laws and regulations that can be taken as basis for the real estate valuation in our country have been reviewed and the activities and works carried out according to this law and the administrative structure analysis have been made. Moreover, problems and difficulties encountered in the legal, administrative and technical sense are mentioned. The legal basis, administrative and technical structure of Germany, which is a successful country that can be an example of legal basis for real estate valuation, has been examined. Germany, which is a country based on the cadastral system in our country, has passed the law on real estate valuation and has been evaluated as applicable in our country. In addition, a system of administrative structures has been envisaged on behalf of the organization, supervision and execution of real estate property under one roof. In order to comply with certain standards in the works of the administrative structure, in the technical sense of real estate value, the system which has to be established in terms of technical terms has been transferred in order to express the evaluation methods clearly and to set the reporting standards. According to this; An "Integrated Real Estate Valuation Model" has been put forward in order to integrate legal, administrative and technical structures in real estate valuation field. An administrative restructuring system consisting of branch directorates has been developed on behalf of the execution and supervision of the real estate valuation activities within the "Real Estate Valuation Department" which will be authorized under the auspices of the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre to issue an "Real Estate Valuation Law" in our country regarding real estate valuation. In technical terms, the importance of specifying the standards required for our country has been conveyed. By expressing views on the collection of current REV data and the construction of real estate valuation information system and real estate valuation data maps, an integrated real estate valuation model has been presented for our country.