Institutional and bureaucratic structuring in terms of public diplomacy activities in Turkey

The relationship between politics and bureaucracy has been the main subject of public administration as well as political science disciplines since the past. With the modernization process, the number of "supra-national" unions has increased and accordingly, conventional wars have come to an end. As a result, the understanding of "public diplomacy" has matured and institutionalized using various tools in modern states. Thus, the concept of "public diplomacy" was added to the concepts of the "politics-bureaucracy" relationship. This institutionalization process was adopted later in Turkey compared to the rest of the world, and some public diplomacy institutions were established. In this process, the deep-rooted practices of the Turkish state traditions have played an important role. However, these traditional practices have negatively affected this process in the certain time of periods. The fact that the concept of public diplomacy is used more in the post-Cold War period and accordingly the bureaucratization of public diplomacy institutions compared to the past has made this subject worth to study on. To this end the aim of this study is as follows: The developments of the theories of politics, public diplomacy, and bureaucracy due to the modernization and how these developments are shaped within the framework of historical mentality in Turkey, which has an imperial past, will be revealed. In this context, the main hypothesis of this study includes the claim that the administrative transformation that Turkey has experienced in recent years is an important milestone in eliminating this deficiency, based on the lack of public diplomacy institutions in Turkey. An "interpretive" approach was used in the study. In this context, the method of "critical literature review" was adopted. As a primary source to explaining the process of "bureaucratization of public diplomacy institutions," which is the main subject of the study; the policies of public diplomacy institutions, the statements of the directors of the institutions, the works of those who direct the process at the government's management level, the legal regulations that ensure the bureaucratization of public diplomacy, and the statutes and declarations of the political parties that claim to manage the process, was used.