Comparative evaluation of Turkey's energy supply security within the network of European countries

Energy supply security is one of the most important issues for modern societies that have made welfare and sustainable development the primary goal for states. In our study, we comparatively evaluate the energy supply security of Turkey with the countries that have at least 5% of the total primary energy consumption of the EU countries and the UK between 1990-2023. We use the Shannon Wiener (SWI) and Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI) indices and import dependency indicators while measuring the energy supply security of different countries. As a result of the study, we determine that Turkey has shown an improvement parallel to the average of the countries subject to comparison in terms of the diversity of its energy supply sources and that this improvement is mainly due to the inclusion of renewable energy sources in primary energy sources for Turkey and other countries. However, although an improvement in diversity can be mentioned for all countries including Turkey, we observe that the positive trend here does not receive sufficient contribution from renewable energy sources and that fossil fuels continue to constitute the vast majority of the total primary energy sources for all countries under review. Within the framework of the this issues, we reach the conclusion that the increase in renewable energy has an undeniable positive contribution to increasing the diversity of energy sources and improving import dependency. However, we also reach the conclusion that the policy of only increasing the share of renewable energy sources is not sufficient to reduce import dependency and increase the diversity of energy sources, based on the results of the examination.