Mining and mineral processing in the Seljuk State of Türkiye

After the victory of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, Kutalmışoğlu Süleyman Shah, a descendant of the Seljuk dynasty, founded the Türkiye Seljuk state based in Iznik. In addition, principalities depended to the Anatolian (Türkiye) Seljuk State were also established in the region. The names of these principalities are as following: Saltuklu Principality (Erzurum-Bayburt), Mengücekli Principality (Erzincan-Kemah-Divriği), Sökmenli Principality (Ahlat-Van Lake Basin), Artuklu Principality (Mardin-Harput) At the time of the conquest of Türkiye, most of the mineral resources were actively operated and traded as both raw materials and processed goods. There were alum, copper, silver, gold, iron, borax, salt, zirnik, lapis lazuli reserves in Türkiye. The state of these mines in nature and the distribution of the mine branches, their colors, the amount of reserves, the processing techniques, the occupations that emerged with the development of mining and the effects of Central Asian culture and art on the works are at a level that cannot be ignored. As in every period, the first use of the mines obtained from the reserves is the use of mines in daily life. Then, the use of mines in the military field due to the need for security, the use of mines in the architectural field due to the need for shelter, and the secondary need of clothing, ornaments, etc. creates. Everything that is surplus to needs is evaluated in economic terms. The first of these is trade, as in every period. Trade and market revenues have had a large share in the economy when the proximity and proximity to an important transit trade center are added. In addition, the insurance service offered to traders made great contributions to trade. Along with the land trade, the Türkiye Seljuk State developed rapidly with the capture of important ports. The indicator of this development manifested itself in the form of annual revenues of the state, taxes of the affiliated regions, revenues from wars, tips, hair, the type of money used to pay salaries, the size, weight and type of money printed in the mint, and gifts.