A comparison of Turkey and Singapore mathematics textbooks according to multiple representations on statistics

Textbooks are the most basic material of the education and training process. In fact, international comparative studies have proven that there is a positive relationship between students' academic success and textbooks. In addition, in today's world where information or data can be easily accessed, the importance of the ability to draw meaningful conclusions from existing data has increased. In this respect, the content covered with statistics topics in mathematics textbooks, which constitute the necessary infrastructure for high school students' data analysis, and the representations of this content in different countries have become a matter of curiosity. In this study, Singapore, which is frequently mentioned with its success in mathematics education in the international arena, and Turkey were compared according to the use of multiple representations in statistics topics in high school mathematics textbooks. The data collected from 7 books used in mathematics courses at the high school level in Turkey and Singapore were examined with the document analysis, and the multiple representations used and the transitions between representations were coded and analyzed. At the end of the study, it was determined that both countries used verbal representations the most in statistics education, and it was seen that they frequently included situations related to daily life. Although the rate of using algebraic representations in Turkish books on statistics is slightly higher than in Singapore, it has been found that Singapore books are richer in terms of visual and technological representations. In both countries, the transition from verbal to algebraic was the most common transition between representations. In addition, it has been found that transitions between different representations are more frequent in Singapore books, while this situation is limited in Turkey. While it is often encountered in Singapore books where all types of representations are associated with each other, it is noteworthy that it is not encountered in Turkish books.