Morphological, anatomical and ecological studies on some Marrubium L. (Lamiaceae) taxa distributed in Turkey

In this thesis, the morphological, anatomical, ecological and tichomes features of three taxa (M. amasiensis Akgül and Ketenoğlu, M. astracanicum Jacq. subsp. astracanicum and M. parviflorum Fisch and Mey. subsp. parviflorum) of the genus Marrubium L. distributed in Turkey were determined and compared. M. amasiensis is endemic and only distributes around Amasya in Turkey. M. astracanicum subsp. astracanicum and M. parviflorum subsp. parviflorum have wide distribution areas in Turkey. In morphological examinations, detailed features of vegetative organs such as root, stem, petiole and leaf, and generative organs such as flower, fruit and seed are given. In anatomical examinations, cross sections of root, stem, petiole and leaves and surface sections were taken from the lower and upper surfaces of the leaves. When the anatomical results were examined, it was seen that three taxa had a secondary root structure and a quadrangular stem structure. A prominent lamellar collenchyma layer was encountered at the corners of the stem. M. amasiensis and M. parviflorum subsp. parviflorum have been determined to have equifacial leaves in terms of mesophyll structure. However, it was observed that the mesophyll in the leaves of M. astracanicum subsp. astracanicum had a bifacial structure. On the vegetative organs of the taxa, dense stellate cover trichomes, capitate glandular trichomes with different stalk and head cell numbers and rarely peltate glandular, dendritic, unicellular and bicellular simple cover trichomes were observed. The number of periderma layers in the root, the number of collenchyma layers in the corners of the stem, the number of collenchyma, parenchyma and sclerenchyma layers in the cortex layer, the formation of crystals in the leaves and stem, the margin structure of the cells adjacent to the stoma, the mesophyll structure, density of stellate cover trichomes on vegetative organs, presence, type and density of capitate and peltate glandular trichomes, presence and density of dendritic cover trichomes were determined as important anatomical characters in distinguishing of taxa. Soil samples were taken during flowering periods of taxa, and their physical and chemical properties were determined. It has been determined that M. amasiensis and M. parviflorum subsp. parviflorum grows in sandy, slightly salty, slightly alkaline and moderately alkaline, moderately calcareous, rich organic matter, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen-containing soils. It was found that M. astracanicum subsp. astracanicum prefers soils that are slightly acidic and slightly basic, moderately saline and very salty, moderately calcareous, rich and rich in organic matter, moderate in nitrogen and rich in nitrogen, and rich in potassium and phosphorus.