New presidential government system in turkey: A comparative analysis on presidency, semi-presidency and parlementary system

In this study, the transition process to the presidential system, which has an important place in Turkey's political agenda, is discussed. For this reason, government systems are discussed at the theoretical level and the differences between these systems are emphasized. Democratic government systems are described. These systems based on separation of powers are classified as parliamentary system, semi-presidential system and presidential system. The way these systems are implemented in each country may vary. In this study, England for the parliamentary system, France for the semi-presidential system and the United States of America for the presidential system are considered as examples. On April 16, 2017, a referendum including the constitutional amendment was accepted in Turkey, and the presidential government system was adopted. With the transition to the Presidential Government System in Turkey, it is aimed to prevent the political crises caused by the parliamentary system applications. In this study, the government systems implemented by Turkey since its establishment have been examined and the transition process to the Presidential Government System has been discussed. There are positive and negative views on the presidential government system in Turkey. These views are included in the study. In Turkey, problems may arise in the transition to the presidential government system. As a matter of fact, important problems were experienced in the period when the parliamentary system was implemented in Turkey. The important thing for Turkey is to eliminate the shortcomings of the system by operating the discussion environment in a healthy way. As a result of the study, Turkey's priorities were discussed and it was emphasized that issues such as the independence of the judiciary, the structures of political parties and the electoral system should be developed, as well as the implemented government system. Political stability is important for countries. Political stability will bring with it economic and social development. For this reason, it has been mentioned that the failures of the Turkish presidential system of government and its elements for political culture should be improved.