Taxonomical and phytochemical studies on Swertia species growing in Türkiye

Morphological, micromorphological, anatomical, palynological, molecular, phytochemical, and biological activity studies were carried out on Swertia longifolia Boiss. and Swertia iberica Fischer. Ex C. A. Mey. species from Türkiye. Morphological characteristics of the species were examined comparatively with morphological characters in the Flora of Turkey. Micromorphological surface features of seed, stigma, stoma, pollen, nectary, sepal, petal and capsule were visualized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Within the scope of anatomical study, cross-sections of root, stem and leaf were specified. Palynological studies illustratedthat pollensof the were tricolporate. Closely related species were determined by Blast program using DNA sequences and tree dendrograms were created. Within the scope of biological effect studies in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and neuroprotective effects were evaluated. Cytotoxicity study of the extracts was performed on BV-2 cell line using the MTT method. Essential oils from flowers were obtained by microdistillation and analysed by GC and GC/MS. Plant extracts were compared by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS according their polarity. In addition, isolation and purification studies were carried out on S. iberica extract. Decusatin compound was isolated from n-butanol extract. The structure of the compound was elucidated by MS, 1H, and 13C NMR.