Investigation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antibiofilm, properties and seed morphology of cephalaria [Cephalaria syriaca (L.)] plant grown in Turkey

The phytochemical studies on the genus Cephalaria in the Dipsacaceae family have shown that it contains many compounds used in traditional medicine for centuries. It has economic and medical importance because it contains different fatty acids. Cephalaria syriaca L., which is commonly found in Anatolia, is generally used in industry because of its fatty acids. Besides, it is used as wheat additive. In this study, antibacterial, antifungal, antibiotic and antioxidant activities of different concentrations of oil extracts obtained from seed of Cephalaria syriaca L. were investigated. Also, Cephalaria syriaca seed morphology was examined. In antibacterial study, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli CFAI, Serratia marrescer, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044, alfa Streptococcus haemolyticus (S. pyogenes), Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSMZ 50071, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus durans, Salmonella kentucky, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Salmonella infantis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Listeria innocua, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13075, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis bacteria using disk diffusion, MIC and MBC methods were viii tested. Candida albicans fungus was tested by disk diffusion method in the antifungal study. The antibiotic used in the study was tested for antibiotic activity. To investigate the antioxidant activity of seed oil extracts, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical was used. Stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to determine the seed morphology characteristics. As a result, the antimicrobial study revealed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most sensitive bacteria against the extracts of Cephalaria syriaca seed oil. Our Cephalaria syriaca seed oil extracts generally had little effect on Salmonella typhimurium bacteria and Candida albicans fungus while some concentrations did not show inhibition diameters. In antioxidant studies, the results of seed oil extracts were compared with standard material and plant extracts were not found to have high activity. The highest antimicrobial activity was 39.94 ± 9.25% at 35 μl / ml against Proteus vulgaris bacteria.