The establishment and development of the gendarmerie organization in The Vilayet-i Selase: The Saloniki province example (1879-1909)

In the period of 1877-1878, with the encouragement and help of the British government, efforts were made to establish the gendarmerie organization. The gendarmerie organization was established in 1879 and its first regulation was published in 1880. It was made to regulate the life of the Emenes; however, in time, the area of application was expanded towards the viläyet-i selase in order to correct the situation caused by the nationalist uprisings. The existing asakir-i zabtiye organizations in Thessaloniki and Edime provinces were converted into gendarmerie organizations. After the Ottoman Empire established the gendarmerie organization in vilavat-i selase, reforms were made first in 1894 and then in 1896 and 1898 in order to expand it. Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha was appointed as an inspector in the provinces of Rumelia. In 1902, European states presented the Vienna Protocol and wanted the gendarmerie reform to be valid only in the provinces. In 1903, security problems were experienced in Thessaloniki, and as a result, in October 1903, Russia and Austria prepared a reform program, which they named Mürzsteg and which concerns the vilávat 1 selase, and presented it to the Ottoman Empire. With Mürzsteg, the job of reforming the gendarmerie and police would be given to the administration of a foreign general. There would be a sufficient number of foreign officers at the disposal of this general. The Murzsteg bill designated Thessaloniki as the center of the inspectorate in the province. Austrian and Russian civil inspectors were assigned to Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha. has been commissioned. De Georgis Pasha divided the province into five regions to ensure the security of the province and the gendarmerie was administered by Italian, Russian. austrian Join a team of French and English officers. The first trials for the Gendarmerie are in line with the Anatolian reform or create your content. and Degiorgis Pasha to lead the gendarme of Viläyat-1 selase in your documen In 1902, European states presented the Vryana Protocol and wanted the gendarmerie reform to be valid only in the provinces. They prepared what they presented to the Ottoman Empire. With Mürzsteg, the job of reforming the gendarmerie and police would be entrusted to a foreign general. There would be a sufficient number of foreign officers at the disposal of this general. Thessaloniki was designated as the center of the inspectorate in the province of Mürzsteg. Austrian and Russian civil trustees were assigned to Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha. has been commissioned. De Georgis Pasha divided the province into five regions to ensure the security of the province and the gendarmerie was given to a team of Italian, Russian, Austrian, French and English officers. Russia settled in the central district of Thessaloniki, England in the Drama district and France in the Serez district and started the gendarmerie reform. In 1908, confusion broke out, especially in the province of selase, and the Constitutional Monarchy was declared and the parliament was opened. Degiorgis died in 1908 and the administration of the gendarmerie of the province of Selase was given to Nikol de Robilant of Italian origin. In 1909, laws regarding security were enacted in the vilâyat-1 selase in the Majlis-i Mebusan. Subsequently, it was decided that the regulations made by the vilayat-1 selase gendarmerie since 1904 would be implemented in the entire territory of the Ottoman Empire.