The most used bow techniques while teaching cello, the methods to teach these techniques and the determination of these methods by professionals

This study aims to gain the knowledge about which way teachers of fine arts schools and as well as lecturers of universities in Turkey use, to teach the most common five bow techniques and which methods they apply to teach these bow techniques during their individual cello lessons. The participants of this surway were lecturers from 15 different universities and 10 music teachers from several fine art schools. All of them are responsible for the subject cello. The data was gained with the techniques of a qualitative research. Each cello teacher/lecturer got a questionnaire and according to the results of the questionnaire, the literature review was conducted. The results of this study show that, the most used five techniques while teaching the bow techniques are at first detashe, the second legato, the third staccato the fourth spicato and the fifth technique is martele. The most used methods to teach the bow techniques are as fallows. The first L. R. Feuillard, the second one is Doutzauer, the third one is S.Lee, the fourth one is J. Werner and the fifth is O.Sevcik. In addition to that, the most used five techniques in teaching the bow techniques are at firstly "demonstrating-repeating", secondly "explaining", thirdly "asking and answering", fourthly "presentation" and at fifthly "practising". As a result, even there are some differences in the sequence of teaching the bow techniques, in general cello teachers/lecturers use generally a common sequence to teach bow techniques. Mostly there are five Methods which are used to teach the bow techniques. While teaching these techniques it is seen that teachers/lecturers are concentrated in "demonstrating-repeating" during the lessons. Keywords: Violoncello, Bow Techniques, Teaching Techniques, Methods.