Wireless sensor networks, protocols and applications

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the emerging and fast growing fields in the scientific world. However, the major issue of sensor network nodes is the limited energy, which is normally battery operated. This has posed additional challenges to the communication protocols. Hence, most of the attention has been given to the routing protocols.In this thesis, after mentioning to the general information of WSN, hardware and network architecture of sensor nodes, applications of WSNs, clustering and routing protocols, and making a deep and integrated comparison between some well-known energy efficient routing protocols, a new routing protocol has been proposed called Two Way Efficient Location-based Gossiping protocol (TWELGossiping).The simulation results shows that the TWELGossiping has addressed some drawbacks of counterpart routing protocols, like end to end delay, high packet lost and high energy consumption of the network overall. Moreover, in this work extra equipment/hardware, like Global Position System (GPS) has not used. Hence, cost of the network overall has been reduced.