The british orientalists who went to Afghanistan in early of XIXixth century and their activities

From the beginning of the XIX th century, Afghanistan had become very important in defending India the largest colony of England, they chose Afghanistan as a field of activity to create a buffer zone against the Russians who wanted to land in India from north and keep them in the north of India. With the 1807 Tilsit agreement, the efforts of France and Russia to go down to India through Iran and Afghanistan were alarmed by the British and went on to take measures to prevent this operation. To this end, The British who sent its officers as well as orientalists and servants of East India Company like Mountstuart Elphinstone, Charles Masson, Alexander Burnes, John Wood, Percival Barton Lord and Robert Leech Afghanistan in the early 20th century to gather information on geographical, socio-economic and demographic situation of the region and provide contact with the current Afghan administration occupied this country in the light of the information they collected in 1838. During the occupation period until 1842, The British, who went on siege operation with the idea of creating a government in Afghanistan that would stand by the British government, support British politics in the region, dethrone current Shah Dost Muhammad Khan and enthrone Shah Shuca in place of him, would be disappointed with a defeat that would leave a great mark on British history at the end of the war. The Works and the reports of the orientalists who were sent to the region are very valuable in the history of Afghanistan.