The effect of large-amplitude calisthenic group exercises accompanied by music on balance and dual-task performance in older adults

Introduction: Aging leads to a decline in individuals' physical capacity and ability to perform daily activities. During this process, balance problems and decreases in dual-task performance can negatively affect the quality of life of older adults. These adverse effects can be reduced through regular exercise. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of adding music to large-amplitude calisthenic group exercises in older adults on dual-task performance and balance. Method: Fifty participants aged 65–80 were randomly divided into two groups (Group 1: mean age 69.44±3.88, Group 2: mean age 68.76±2.78). Before and after the exercise program, participants were evaluated using various tests to assess cognitive functions, balance, dual-task abilities, and physical activity levels (Mini-Mental State Examination, Mini-BESTest, Dual-Task Questionnaire, Timed Up and Go Test, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, Geriatric Depression Scale). Group 1 performed the large amplitude calisthenic exercise program with music under the supervision of a physiotherapist, while Group 2 followed the same program without music. Results: Post- treatment evaluations showed significant improvements within both groups in the Geriatric Depression Scale, Dual-Task Questionnaire, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (p<0.01). When comparing inter-group effect sizes, Group 1, which exercised with music, showed greater improvements compared to Group 2. Conclusion: Large-amplitude calisthenic group exercises in older adults have positive effects on balance and dual-task performance, and these effects are enhanced when the exercises are performed with music.