Effects of in-water and out-of-water resistance training on body composition and functional fitness in the elderly

To evaluate the effects of in-water and out-of-water resistance exercises on body composition and functional fitness in the elderly. The average weight of the participants in the exercise group, who were over 60 years of age, was 72.18 kg and the average height was 1.53 m. The mean weight of the participants in the black exercise group was 71.47 kg and the mean height was 1.55 m. Finally, the mean weight of the participants in the control group was 69.48 kg and the mean height was 1.54 m. In order to determine the body composition (BM) of the elderly individuals, body mass indexes (BMI) were calculated by measuring height and BMI. The tests performed were; six minutes walking test, 30 seconds sit and stand test, Arm bending test, Hand Grip Strength, Chair Sit-Reach Test, Back Scratching, Agility / Dynamic Balance Test Eight Steps Get Up and Walk, Berg Balance Test, Tinetti Fall Efficacy Scale. For statistical analysis of the study data, IBM SPSS 25 statistical package program was used. Paired sample t-test was applied to normally distributed data and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to non-normally distributed data. Significance level p<0.05 was accepted. According to the findings obtained from the study; when the analysis results of the water group exercises were examined, it was seen that the exercises had a positive effect on lower and upper strength, six minutes, Tinetti, sit reach and agility values. On the other hand, it was observed that the water group exercises had a negative effect on grip left and right, back scratching and Berg balance values. When the findings related to the land group exercises in the study were analyzed, it was seen that the exercises had a positive effect on the upper and lower strength, Tinetti and Berg values, but had no effect on the grip left and right, six minutes and sit reach values. However, the analysis showed that the land group exercises had a negative effect on back scratching and agility values. When the control group was analyzed, it was found that there was no significant difference in all tests. Keywords: Sport, Old age, Body composition, Exercise in the elderly, Functional fitness.