In New Kalam Spirit understanding

Soul is a phenomenon that all religions expressopinions. On the other hand, Islam expressed its views about soul in philosophical, mystical andtheological discourse. Therefore, three different basic soul comprehension were formed. Considering that these comprehensions are different topics of discussion within themselves, it is understood that a widetradition of thought about the soul is formed in Islamic thought. One of the important issues to be studied in terms of Kalam is soul. Although the soul is perceived as an unseen problem, scholars of Kalam have studied the issue from an ontological perspective. As aprocess, this ontological perspective corresponds to the period of Mütekaddimun. In the period of the Müteahhirun, the soul was mostly examined as an abstract element. New Kalam period is one of the important period that affect todays faith. Therefore, it is important to understand how ideas are grounded in this period about soul. While examining the spiritual comprehension of the New İlm-i Kalam period, the scientific developments and reflections of these developments should be well understood. Thus, in this period, the relationship between views on soul and these scientific developments is an undeniable fact. At this point, it is understood that, soul was handled in an effort to eliminate the criticism that came to the religion of Islam during New İlm-i Kalam period and that it was tried to be shaped with this mindset. The aim of thesis is to determine how soul phenomenon was handled in terms of theology in New Kalam period. In this context, following subjects are examined; how nature of the soul is discussed, what evidence is included for the proof of the soul, and how subject of soul is defended from the old and contemporary currents of thought against doubts about soul. However, it is within scope of our study to determine what kind of understanding of being was wanted to be created based on the existence of the soul and what kind of worldview wanted to depict by Islamic scholars during the New Kalam period. Nowadays, studies that reflect the spiritual understanding of the New İlm-i Kalam period have been carried out only to reflect the spiritual understanding of important scholars. By drawing a general framework in our thesis, we have evaluated the views of the scholars in a more comprehensive way who grew up in New İlm-i Kalam period.