Determination of line disconnection and fault location with directional overcurrent protection relays in electrical distribution networks

Developing technology and increasing industrialization have increased the dependency of energy as much as ever. Uninterrupted energy system becomes key element of daily life and faults not to affect the electrical instruments, transmission and distrubition networks, power plants, interconnected system; and to isolate from the system, has become vital issue recently. The function of protection relays in electrical networks is to cause the prompt removal from the service of any element of a power system in as soon as possible when it suffers a short circuit or when it starts to operate in any abnormal manner that might cause damage or otherwise interfere with the effective operation of the rest of the system. Developing technology and increasing needs have increased the range of interest of this basic function and new protection methodologies have been developed in order to make correct coordination. Together with changing demands, work continous for new developments. In this study, today's frequently encountered problem 'open circuit fault' which causes longtime energy interruptions and supposed as distance relay principles but generally be mistaken with short circuit has been approached with a current point of view. Line modelling has been realized by making different evaulations for overhead networks. A high frequency region is created on the primer circuit diagram.The line parameters placed on the obtained schema were tested in a simulated environment. The system has been observed by changing the numerical values according to different parameters. In conclusion, it is planned to use this algorithm with protection relays to detect open circuit fault.