Comparative analysis of storage technologies in power systems, including renewable energy plants

This thesis aims to optimize the design of hybrid energy storage systems by selecting appropriate battery types. As a result, a hybrid system has been developed that maximizes energy efficiency and minimizes costs. Energy storage systems play a critical role in ensuring the continuity and reliability of energy supply by eliminating the imbalances between production and consumption. Hybrid energy storage systems provide more efficient energy management by integrating multiple energy storage technologies, meeting short-term high-power demands, and ensuring long-term energy storage capacity. These systems are designed to provide resilience against the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and to balance sudden fluctuations in energy demand. In this study, a hybrid energy storage system combining lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, and supercapacitors has been designed. The electrical and dynamic behaviours of the system components were analysed through simulations in the MATLAB Simulink environment, examining key parameters such as energy flow, load balancing, and system stability. The results obtained show that the integration of lead-acid batteries to meet the high-power requirements of supercapacitors reduced the need for supercapacitors by 80%. This optimization reduced system costs and extended the system's lifespan. Furthermore, the use of lead-acid batteries not only lowered costs but also enhanced energy storage efficiency. This thesis presents significant findings regarding the innovative potential of hybrid energy storage systems and sheds light on new optimization opportunities for future research. In conclusion, this study contributes to the development of hybrid energy storage systems that provide sustainable and economic energy solutions.