Investigation on the use of alternative raw material resources in the feed of the green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844)

The aim of this study was to develop economically and water stable feeds using natural raw alternative protein sources [fish meal (FM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), peanut meal (PM) and hazelnut meal (HM)] in nutrition of the green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) inhabiting our natural waters. For this purpose, seven different feed rations [(10% FM+PM, 10% FM+MIX1, 10% FM+MIX2, MIX1 (SBM+CGM+PEM+HM), MIX2 (SBM+CGM) and PM+MIX2] were formulated and tested in an eight-week feeding study on shrimp growth, feed consumption and digestion performances, as well as changes on meat proximate, fatty acids and amino acids compositions. Additionally, the effects of nine different binders (sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum, pectin, chitosan, carrageenan and sodium hexametafosfoat) on the hydrostability of shrimp feed were also investigated. At the end of the study, growth performance values of groups fed on feed formulated with vegetable protein sources were found to be similar to the control group. MIX2 and especially 10% BU + MIX2 feeds provided high survival rate and growth in shrimps (P<0.05). Muscle tissue EPA levels varied between 9.92% and 10.54% (P<0.05) and DHA values between 13.78% and 19.31% (P<0.05), while generally HUFA were found to be high in muscle tissue. The MIX1 feed was found to have higher nutrient digestibility. It has been seen that FM can be removed from the formulations for P. semisulcatus, but it may be more appropriate to add it at 10% to ensure more palatability and nutritional balance. The use of alternative raw materials instead of FM decreased feed cost by 18.42-29.82%. In the hydrostability tests carried out, wheat gluten has emerged as one of the most successful binders in terms of dry matter/protein losses and economic indicators.