The associations of nutrition according to chronotype with obesity, diet and SLEEP quality in adults

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between chronotype, which is accepted as the determinant of circadian rhythm in humans, and obesity, diet quality and sleep quality. It was conducted between January and March 2021 with a survey applied to 290 individuals between the ages of 18-64 via online survey. The general characteristics, nutritional habits and health conditions of the individuals participating in the research were taken with a questionnaire applied over the internet and prepared by the researcher, and their anthropometric measurements were recorded as the basis for the declaration. Morning-Evening Questionnaire was used to determine chronotype, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to determine sleep quality and Health Eating Index-2015 was used to determine diet quality. 41.7% are intermediate and 28.0% are evening-type. No statistically significant correlation was found between chronotype and metabolic risk related to anthropometric measurements (p>0.05). The dietary fiber consumption of women in the morning-type is lower than that of women in the intermediate-type and evening-type. The energy intake of women with evening type is higher than women with morning type. In addition, the protein (%) consumption of women in the evening type is lower than that of women in the morning type. The energy, carbohydrate (g/day), polyunsaturated fatty acid and omega-6 consumptions of men in the morning type were lower than those in the evening type. The fiber consumption of men in the morning-type is higher than the men in the intermediate-type and evening-type. The consumption of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, biotin, folate, vitamin C, potassium and magnesium in women in the morning-morning group is higher than in women in the intermediate and evening-type (p<0.05). The consumption of vitamin K, vitamin B1, biotin, folate, vitamin C, potassium, calcium and magnesium men in the morning-type group is higher than in the men in the intermediate-type and evening-type group (p<0.05). It was observed that 33.5% of the total participants had good sleep quality and 66.5% had poor sleep quality. The average PSQI score of men is 6.1±2.70, and it is 6.0±3.10 for women. It was determined that there was no statistically significant relationship between sleep quality of individuals and anthropometric measurements and metabolic risk factors evaluated accordingly (p>0.05). Individuals with poor sleep quality have higher daily energy and carbohydrate intake. Individuals with good sleep quality have higher consumption of vitamin A, vitamin K, B1, B2, B6, biotin, folic acid, vitamin C, potassium, calcium and magnesium than individuals with poor sleep quality (p<0.05). The diet quality of 12.4% of individuals was good, 36.6% of them needs improvement and 51.0% of them had poor diet quality. No statistically significant relationship was found between diet quality and anthropometric measurements and related metabolic risk (p<0.05). Energy, carbohydrate (g/day), fat (g/day), vitamin B12, sodium and saturated fatty acid consumptions of individuals with good diet quality are lower than individuals with poor diet quality and needs improvement. The consumption of fiber, vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin B1, folate, vitamin C, potassium and magnesium of individuals with poor diet quality is lower than individuals with good diet quality and needs improvement (p<0.05). According to the HEI-2015 sub-components, morning consumption individuals have higher consumption of total fruit, whole fruit, total vegetables, dark green leafy vegetables and legumes, whole grains, milk group, seafood and vegetable protein than evening individuals. According to HEI-2015 sub-components, individuals with good sleep quality have higher consumption of total fruit, whole fruit, total vegetables, dark green leafy vegetables and legumes, whole grains, and milk group. A statistically significant relationship was found between sleep duration, chronotype and sleep quality (p<0.05). According to the correlation analysis, there is a negative significant relationship between the chronotype score and the sleep quality score and BMI value. A positive and significant relationship was found between chronotype and diet quality. Keywords: Chronotype, obesity, diet quality, sleep quality