The effect of compost, bacteria and mycoriza applications on growth and flowering quality in cut tulip and lily growing

This study was carried out in the unheated, uncooled and top ventilated glass greenhouse of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Agricultural Application and Research Center in 2021-2022. In the study, a new organic growing medium was obtained by composting the grape pomace obtained from the Tokat Dimes Food Processing Factory. This organic growing medium obtained was added to the growing medium in 2 different ratios, 20% and 40%, and tried as a growing medium in cut flower tulip and lily cultivation. Peat+perlite (2:1, v/v) was used in tulip cultivation and coconut peat (cocopitate) was used in lily cultivation as control. A total of 20 thousand tulip bulbs and 864 lily bulbs were used in the experiment. Before planting, both Bacillus cereus (ZE-7) and Pseudomonas putida (ZE-12) bacteria were applied to the bulbs of both species outside the growing medium, as well as mycorrhiza dipping and spraying. During the experiment, different EC levels of chemical fertilization (EC 0.75 dS m-1, EC 1.10 dS m-1, EC 1.45 dS m-1 and EC 1.90 dS m-1) preferred by the growers in tulip and lily cultivation were applied to the plants. In plants to determine the effects of applications; Phenological observations, pomological observations, macro and micro element analysis on leaves were made and the effects of applications on growth and flowering quality in tulip and lily cultivation were determined. In tulips, the maximum flower stem length (33.94 cm) with 20% compost and bacteria application, the maximum perianth length (42.71 mm) with 20% compost added to the growing medium and no mycorrhiza application, the maximum vase life (8.94 days) 40% compost It was found in environments with EC level of 1.45 dS m-1, the highest branch weight (28.29 g) containing 20% compost and an EC level of 1.45 dS m-1. In lily, the highest branch weight (135.06 g) is compost-free (0%) and the EC level is 1.10 dS m-1, the maximum plant height (89.58 cm), 20% compost-containing and EC level 1.90 dS m-1 in fertilization applications, the highest The number of lamps (6.95 pieces/per plant) was recorded in growing media containing 20% compost and bacteria application, and the maximum vase life (14.14 days) containing 40% compost and an EC level of 0.75 dS m-1. At the end of the study, the addition of 20% compost to the growing medium of 'Jan van Nes' tulip cultivar and 'Siberia' lily cultivar gave more positive results compared to control and 40% compost application. In fertilization applications, as the EC level increased, plant growth was limited in tulips, but positive results were observed in the lily study. The use of microorganisms alone did not have a significant effect on both tulips and lilies. In addition, it was determined that the macro and micro element contents of the leaf samples of the tulip and lily study increased as the fertilization level and compost ratio increased. In the light of the results obtained within the scope of this study, it was concluded that compost, which emerged as a new organic material, can be used in low amounts (20% and below) in soilless agriculture.