Yüksek binalarda asansör sistemi tasarımı için karar destek modeli

Especially in the last few decades, by the construction of mega tall towers, elevator systems have become a major constraint of a tall building design since it is the most important part of a vertical transportation system in buildings. Vertical transportation systems can be described as a system that contains the design of all passenger and goods circulation facilities and devices in a building, such as elevators, escalators and stairs. The vertical transportation strategy has a fundamental impact on the design of any building. In design process, number of vertical transportation elements and their locations are the preliminary decisions to specify the circulation pattern of a building that needs to provide users a comfortable means of transportation. The most important systems for vertical transportation in buildings are elevators. The goal in elevator system design is to move a specific number of passengers from the entrance floor to their destination floors with the minimum amount of waiting and travelling time, with minimum number of elevators by providing minimum core space, cost and using the smallest amount of energy. In other words, designers need to consider several factors affect the vertical circulation design to achieve an optimal elevator system solution. Yet, making decisions to achieve an optimal vertical transportation indicates an expert knowledge or research on existing buildings. Principally, the design of an elevator system is based on traffic analysis, which identifies the traffic requirements, elevator traffic calculations and the efficiency of an elevator system as well as the traffic control method. Traffic analysis are generally used to analyze the traffic flow of an existing or designed elevator system. Various methods and different commercial software have been developed for analyzing the elevator traffic of a building. Fundamentally, each method are using standard traffic calculations. While conventional methods are using analytical equations, advanced methods combines the analytical equations with complex computer models of simulations. With few exceptions, most of them are developed to analyze initially designed elevator systems to check the efficiency according to traffic requirements. In addition, traffic calculations are using for determining the required number of elevators in a building, based on a principle that designer picks a relevant speed and car capacity of elevators. Without any experience or expert knowledge, the decision of picking a rated speed for elevators becomes arbitrary The aim of this research is to establish a decision support model for elevator system design in tall buildings. The model named as a decision support model as it is conceptualized for giving support to architects in the planning and conceptual design stage of a tall building that helps designer to find optimum number of elevators, their speed and capacity without having any expert knowledge or experience. The proposed model is considered as part of a comprehensive system, which determines the optimum vertical transportation system for tall buildings including elevators, escalators and stairs. In this research, the elevator system, which is the major element of a vertical transportation, is examined. In the first chapter, the purpose and scope of the thesis is explained. In the second chapter, through the literature survey, elevator system design considerations are identified from the point of different profession's objectives, since it is assumed as a multi-objective procedure. In the third chapter, traffic analysis and design methods are introduced to identify the relation between analysis methods and elevator system design process. In the last chapter, the decisions support model for elevator system design in tall buildings, is introduced. The model implemented for office buildings under 40 stories and results are tested with an existing elevator simulator called Elevate. In conclusion part, all results are evaluated and suggestions for future works are considered for future development of the model. The model only comprise passenger elevators so; goods elevators and fire-fighter lifts are out of scope. Analytical traffic analysis method is used in the model through the conventional up-peak traffic calculations. The parameters affect the elevator system design are provided from previous field studies through literature survey and elevator kinematics are provided by lift companies. The model is implemented for tall office buildings as the traffic analysis calculations are coded for up-peak traffic conditions which is the determinant traffic pattern of an office building's elevator system. If complex analytical equations were added in the model for other types of traffic patterns, the model could also be implemented for different building uses. The model has a height limit of 40-storeys, because tall building more than 40-storeys need special solutions like sky lobby system. The model is developed using Rhinoceros 4, Grasshopper add-on. The reason of using the Grasshopper for the implementation of the model is to supply a medium for geometric relations and queries for further developments. For instance, the distance from main entry to the elevator lobby, efficiency of elevator configuration, fire regulations could be added to the model. The results of the model are transferred directly to the spreadsheet using an add-on, which connects Grasshopper to MS Office Excel file. In addition, results are tested with an existing elevator traffic simulation software called Elevate.