Detection of cancerous tissues fixed with high gain microstrip and horn antenna structures

Pathology is a branch of science that is especially important in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases. Pathological reports are prepared by tissue analysis of tissue samples taken from patients by pathologists. These reports are important for both the patient and the doctor as they contain information about the disease. However, nowadays it can take weeks or even months to reach these reports. Especially considering the number of patients and samples, the time to reach the report is important for patients in an emergency. Considering the fact that pathologists sometimes spend hours for a sample, and the resulting fatigue and human condition, the accuracy of the reports is in question. There are various studies for this purpose. The idea of using antenna structures and pathological tissue samples for cancer diagnosis has been the subject of the thesis. Thus, antenna structures designed and produced in the thesis study and electromagnetic radiation changes obtained from pathological tissue samples and directed to normal and cancer tissues were examined. Antenna structures used in the biomedical field have gained importance in recent years. Various types of antenna structures are being researched and developed. Various features are sought in antenna structures used in the biomedical field. Some of them are high gain and directivity, full impedance matching, high efficiency. The antenna structure used should not damage the environment in accordance with its purpose. The mentioned environment can be expressed as phantoms constructed in studies or living tissues in wearable applications. When the usage areas of antenna structures in the biomedical field are examined, the effect of antenna structures on pathological tissue samples in this thesis study has been the subject of the study. Microstrip patch and horn antenna structures have been designed for the aforementioned problem, test setups have been created and the results have been evaluated. In order to increase the efficiency of the study, attention was paid to the high gain values of the antennas and thus the directivity values. The free space measurement technique was used to prevent the measured pathological tissue samples from being damaged during the measurement. The analyzes of the results obtained from the antenna structures made with the design and applications based on the measurement technique were evaluated and presented to the literature with the thesis study. The scattering (S) parameters of electromagnetic radiations, which were applied on all of the samples, on the test set-ups, are the results obtained. The results of the scattering parameters were normalized (to eliminate the effects of test setup, noise, etc.) to ensure that the results were meaningful for normal and cancerous tissues. With the results obtained, the differences between pathological normal and tumor tissue samples were clearly revealed. These differences are shown with the help of figures and tables. The importance of the study was emphasized by showing the normalized S-parameters where the differences were clearly expressed.