Comparative analysis of financing methods used in higher education

Today, higher education is recognized both as a driver of economic growth and as a necessary means for individuals to attain higher wages and status. People seek social equity in terms of who benefits from higher education and who bears the costs of this service. Countries have developed and implemented unique strategies for financing higher education by considering this issue from a social equity efficiency perspective. In this study, higher education financing policies used around the world have been examined and the TOPSIS method has been used to analyze the financing policies used by countries and to rank their performance. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the higher education financing policies used by Norway, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom are in the first three places. In this context, it has been determined that the countries ranked first and third use the "Income Contingent Loan" program.