Investigation of geological and geotechnical features based on Zonguldak province Alaplı district Alaplı municipality zoning plan

The aim of this study is to investigate the suitability for settlement by making a geological and geotechnical survey of a total area of 410 hectares covering the centre of Zonguldak province, Alaplı district Alapli Municipality zoning plan. While the lowest level is 2m in the study area, the highest level is 140m. The working area is divided into 4 different % slope classes. The sections with the highest slope (> 40%) are located on the slopes of the valley sides. Alaplı Stream and its edges are in the form of plain-wavy plain with a slope of 0-10%, and the areas above the valley between 10-20% and 20-30%. The study area is regionally within the Akveren Formation (KTa) and Alluvium (Qal). Akveren Formation (KTa); the dominant colours are yellow, white, greyish green and red in places. It is thin-medium-thick layered. It is massive in appearance. The unit, which starts with sandstone, clastic limestone, continues upwards as claystone-siltstone alternation, mostly clayey limestone-marl. The age of the unit is Upper Campanian - Lower Eocene. As a result of the field and drilling works carried out in the Akveren Formation in the study area, its thickness was 1.00 – 3.00 m. It has been determined that there is a vegetable soil in varying thickness between the studies in the study area were carried out in three stages as field, laboratory and office studies. In order to determine the geological and geotechnical characteristics of the geological units outcropping in the study area, a total of 415 m boreholes with a depth of 10 m to 20 m were drilled in 33 locations. Drilling locations were processed on the geological map and relevant samples were taken from these points. Core samples were taken in rock environments. Undisturbed UD samples could not be taken with the Shelby tube because of the sandy pebble soil in the ground-like environments. A Standard Penetration Test (SPT) was performed every 1.5 m in ground environments. During drilling, progress was made to a depth of at least 5 meters in solid rock and up to 20 meters in soil. Soils were classified according on the samples taken from the field in accordance. In the laboratory; Water Ratio (Wn), Atterberg Limits, Natural Unit Weight, Pole Shear in Soil, Sieve Analysis tests and Free Pressure and Point Loading tests in rock were carried out. In the office studies, 1/1.000 scale slope, geology, location and settlement maps of the study area were prepared. Well logs of the drillings have been prepared. By evaluating the laboratory test results, the bearing capacity of the soils in the study area, the amount of settlement-different settlement and the potential for collapse, swelling and liquefaction of the soil were examined. Soil index and physical properties of the study area; According to laboratory test results on SPT samples obtained from boreholes, SP group (poorly graded sand, gravelly sand, very little or no fine material) and SM group (clay sand, sand-clay mixture) coarse grained soil. Natural Unit Weight, Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Point Loading tests were carried out in the Rock Mechanics Laboratory on the core samples taken during the drilling works in the Akveren Formation. Within the scope of geophysical studies, 20 profiles were used to determine parameters such as seismic velocity, ground dominant period, effective ground acceleration coefficient, spectrum characteristic periods, soil amplification and soil class. Which must be defined within the framework of the regulation published by the General Directorate of Disaster Affairs of the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement. DES studies were carried out at Masw and 5 points. The location of the study area on the earthquake zones map, its location relative to the nearest North Anatolian Fault Zone, the seism tectonic features of the region, the magnitudes of historical and instrumental earthquakes in the region and the effective ground acceleration were determined and the earthquake hazard and risk of the region were examined. Changes in groundwater level depending on climatic and environmental conditions, the problems it may cause and its effect on the foundation of the building were investigated. The disaster situation of the study area and its sensitivity to natural disasters were examined. Within the scope of the study, studies were carried out to determine the suitability for settlement by revealing the necessary soil parameters, taking into account the engineering geology characteristics, slope status, groundwater condition, slope stability (stability), earthquake situation, possible natural hazards and risks. Evaluation of suitability for habitation of the study area; The area forms alluvium with the marl-limestone lithology units of the Akveren Formation. The topographic slope of the Akveren Formation varies between percent 0-40, there is no groundwater, but leachate is seen from place to place. The rock units of the Akveren Formation show "very low rock" quality. Shear wave velocity values reach 616 - 1054m/sec. It mainly creates sloping plain areas between percent 0-10. SPT values made in alluvium are generally 10 - RF values. According to the SPT-N30 values, the relative tightness values are tight-medium tight and very tight. According to the laboratory analysis results, it consists of SP and SM according. Shear wave velocity values range from 210 m/sec to 263 m/sec. The areas formed by the Akveren Formation in the study area; "Areas with Stability Problems with Qualified Precautions" were evaluated as Precautionary Area-2.1, and alluvium parts as Swelling and Settlement Problematic Areas with Precautionary Qualities were evaluated as Precautionary Area-5.1.