Die Transformation des psychoanalytischen Blicks auf das Phänomen"Zwiespalt" anhand ausgewählter Literatur von Kafka, Hesse und Zweig

The aim of this study is to examine the reflections on the changing perspective of the psychological phenomenon „Zwiespalt" in works that emerged in the context of 20th century German literature. The theoretical trace of the transformation of „Zwiespalt" is followed and its reflection on selected literary works of the 20th century is examined. Based on the theory of Sigmund Freud, who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis, this phenomenon includes the work of Carl Gustav Jung and Jacques Lacan. Franz Kafka's „Die Verwandlung", Hermann Hesse's „Der Steppenwolf" and Stefan Zweig's „Der Amokläufer" are analyzed on the basis of the reflection on the transformation of Zwiespalt. „Zwiespalt" is an inner division that occurs in the human subconscious and daily life with the Affected symptoms. The word „Zwiespalt" describes a situation of psychological conflicts that are present in „Hermann Hesse - The Steppenwolf", „Franz Kafka - The Metamorphosis" and „Stefan Zweig - The Gunman." The approaches to human psychology and its views on mental states have is constantly changing in the 20th century, which according to scientific development is called the golden age of psychoanalysis. In the literary works mentioned above, Gregor Samsa, Harry Haller and the doctor in Zweig's work are the characters who illustrate the reflections on the transformation of this psychological phenomenon in the 20th century and who are analyzed with the "Zwiespalt phenomenon" presented on a theoretical basis in the third chapter become. The "Zwiespalt phenomenon" in which the figures in these works are; was treated in accordance with the psychoanalytic theories presented in the third chapter of the study using the major works of Freud, Jung and Lacan.