Theses supervised by Doç. Dr. İlknur Yüksel Kaptanoğlu
10 theses · Hacettepe University
The methodological contributions of time use survey to measure the work-life balance
The aim of this study is to understand the methodological contributions of Time Use Survey diary data for measuring work-life balance in Turkey. For comparison, other data sources were selected according to the criteria of having national estimates, conducted by official institutions that use scientific methods for collecting data, conducted in similar time with Time Use Survey (2014-2015) and that include questions about social life, sports, family life, unpaid work, paid work and time intensity which are the components of work-life balance. Methodological comparisons of time use survey diaries and other data sources were made for every stage of quantitative researches. All indicators on work-life balance including recommended ones by UNECE and OECD were produced by the data sources and the results were compared in a methodological manner under the headings of paid work, unpaid work, leisure time and time intensity. The disadvantages of Time Use Survey are that it's a costly survey, respondent load and workload is very high, it's conducted infrequently. An irregular or infrequent activity may not seem in the diaries and there is the possibility of respondent not to record all activities in diaries. But its advantages are suppressing disadvantages. Time use survey produces data of higher quality and reveals better the gender inequality than the other data sources due to its different survey methodology. Furthermore, by time use survey data it's possible to obtain large number of work-life balance indicators by the matrix structure of the diaries with contextual variables. Total workload was one of the key indicator that only from time use survey data it could be produced and employed women were found to have the most workload due to much time is spent on unpaid work in addition to their paid work durations opposite of the situation in men. Thus, it's recommended for the decision makers to benefit from time use survey data for developing new policies on work-life balance in Turkey.
The methodological contributions of time use survey to measure the work-life balance
The aim of this study is to understand the methodological contributions of Time Use Survey diary data for measuring work-life balance in Turkey. For comparison, other data sources were selected according to the criteria of having national estimates, conducted by official institutions that use scientific methods for collecting data, conducted in similar time with Time Use Survey (2014-2015) and that include questions about social life, sports, family life, unpaid work, paid work and time intensity which are the components of work-life balance. Methodological comparisons of time use survey diaries and other data sources were made for every stage of quantitative researches. All indicators on work-life balance including recommended ones by UNECE and OECD were produced by the data sources and the results were compared in a methodological manner under the headings of paid work, unpaid work, leisure time and time intensity. The disadvantages of Time Use Survey are that it's a costly survey, respondent load and workload is very high, it's conducted infrequently. An irregular or infrequent activity may not seem in the diaries and there is the possibility of respondent not to record all activities in diaries. But its advantages are suppressing disadvantages. Time use survey produces data of higher quality and reveals better the gender inequality than the other data sources due to its different survey methodology. Furthermore, by time use survey data it's possible to obtain large number of work-life balance indicators by the matrix structure of the diaries with contextual variables. Total workload was one of the key indicator that only from time use survey data it could be produced and employed women were found to have the most workload due to much time is spent on unpaid work in addition to their paid work durations opposite of the situation in men. Thus, it's recommended for the decision makers to benefit from time use survey data for developing new policies on work-life balance in Turkey.
The methodological contributions of time use survey to measure the work-life balance
The aim of this study is to understand the methodological contributions of Time Use Survey diary data for measuring work-life balance in Turkey. For comparison, other data sources were selected according to the criteria of having national estimates, conducted by official institutions that use scientific methods for collecting data, conducted in similar time with Time Use Survey (2014-2015) and that include questions about social life, sports, family life, unpaid work, paid work and time intensity which are the components of work-life balance. Methodological comparisons of time use survey diaries and other data sources were made for every stage of quantitative researches. All indicators on work-life balance including recommended ones by UNECE and OECD were produced by the data sources and the results were compared in a methodological manner under the headings of paid work, unpaid work, leisure time and time intensity. The disadvantages of Time Use Survey are that it's a costly survey, respondent load and workload is very high, it's conducted infrequently. An irregular or infrequent activity may not seem in the diaries and there is the possibility of respondent not to record all activities in diaries. But its advantages are suppressing disadvantages. Time use survey produces data of higher quality and reveals better the gender inequality than the other data sources due to its different survey methodology. Furthermore, by time use survey data it's possible to obtain large number of work-life balance indicators by the matrix structure of the diaries with contextual variables. Total workload was one of the key indicator that only from time use survey data it could be produced and employed women were found to have the most workload due to much time is spent on unpaid work in addition to their paid work durations opposite of the situation in men. Thus, it's recommended for the decision makers to benefit from time use survey data for developing new policies on work-life balance in Turkey.
Challenges and opportunities in using focus group to study heterogeneous and homogeneous groups
Focus group discussion is one of the commonly used qualitative research methods. In focus group discussions it is argued that having homogenous participants in terms of social characteristics like gender, race, age etc. is beneficial. Despite such argument little is done to explore the impact of having heterogeneous participants in terms of ethnicity and gender for focus group discussions. Therefore, this study discusses methodological issues and challenges in using focus group discussion with homogeneous and heterogeneous groups. The methodological issues include, but are not limited to sensitive issues, group interaction, power relations, non-verbal cues, depth and breadth of data, degree of comfort between participants. To understand these issues, five focus group discussions were conducted with international students on adaptation challenges for international students in Turkey. Groups were set as homogeneous and heterogeneous based on social characteristics i.e. ethnicity and gender. The homogeneous groups consisted of participants of the same gender and same ethnicity, while the heterogeneous groups consisted of mixed nationalities and gender. Findings of this study revealed that group composition has an impact on the discussion flow, data generated, and process of focus group discussion. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous group compositions can work well in specific situations depending on the purpose of the research. I argue that instead of turning back on heterogeneous group composition it is worthwhile to consider using it depending on the purpose of the study. Keywords: focus group discussion, group composition, group homogeneity, group heterogeneity
Bir erkeklik mekanı olarak kahvehaneler
Toplumsal cinsiyet çalışmaları toplumsallaşma süreci içinde kadınlara ve erkeklere verilen rollere odaklanarak kadınlığın ve erkekliğin bir toplumsal inşa sürecinin sonucunda oluştuğunu açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Erkeklik çalışmaları da özel ve kamusal alanlardaki erkeklerin yaşamını inceleyerek farklı erkeklikler arasındaki iktidar ve hiyerarşi yapılarını ortaya çıkarma amacı taşımaktadır. Erkeklik, erkekler arasındaki iktidar mücadelesi aracılığıyla kurulan bir kavram olduğundan erkek homososyalliğini oluşturan mekânları incelemek, bu mekânlarda inşa edilen farklı erkeklikler hakkında bilgi verecektir. Hegemonik erkeklik imajının yüceltildiği ve erkek egemenliğinin yeniden üretildiği erkek homososyalliğini oluşturan mekânların başında kahvehaneler gelmektedir. Bu kapsamda Connell'ın "Hegemonik erkeklik" kavramsallaştırması temel alınarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada farklı erkekliklerin inşa edildiğini ve cinsiyet ayrımcılığının mekânsal düzeyde yeniden üretildiğini ortaya koymak amacıyla, Ankara ili Sincan ilçesinde devamlı kahvehaneye gitme pratiğine sahip 26-40 yaş aralığında 13 evli erkek ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Sahadan üretilen verilerin betimsel analiz ile yorumlanmasıyla ilk kahvehane deneyiminin erkeklik basamaklarından sünnet olma ve askere gitme basamaklarının arasında yer aldığı ve kahvehanelerde farklı erkekliklerin oyunlar ve erkek sohbeti üzerinden tüm kadınsı davranışları dışarıda bırakarak ve içerisinde her daim rekabeti barındırarak inşa edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
An evaluation of mixed methods studies: A case study for Turkey
Mixed methods came to light as the third methodological movement besides the quantitative and qualitative methods. It has been significantly popular for researchers, particularly in the last twenty years. However, its philosophy and applicability have been the major site of discussions. Motivated by these debates, the purpose of this thesis is to evaluate mixed methods studies in Turkey. How mixed methods is perceived and applied to be the guiding research question, 30 master's degree theses of 2017 in the fields of education and sociology from Turkish universities are examined with content analysis. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center Database is the medium for reaching the theses and several keywords are used to screen the mixed methods studies. This thesis is designed according to the qualitative methodology and it holds the interpretive approach. In addition, content analysis is employed with seven categories for examining the theses. The rationale, definition and naming, model and design, sampling, data collection/generation, data analysis and ethics are the categories for the evaluation. This study argues that the theses, mostly, can be categorized as extended quantitative inquiries in which the researchers do not have a methodological approach for the qualitative side, rather the qualitative techniques serve for extension of the quantitative research. Furthermore, it is asserted that the theses reflect the messiness of mixed methods with the terminological unclarity, diversity and issues related to the rigor.
The qualitative research culture: Reflections from the field
The experiences and the processes of researchers is one of the most fruitful ways to understand the approaches and methods of qualitative research and embody the theoretical aspects of any methodology. This thesis aims to understand the experiences and research practices of researchers regarding qualitative research and explore the particularities of qualitative research culture in the country. Through a comprehensive approach to the entire process of the researches, this study reflects on the various factors that affect the researcher process, and the opinions of the academicians on the difficulties faced by lecturers when teaching qualitative methods, and by students when learning qualitative methods. This thesis focuses mainly on the experiences, perceptions and processes of researchers in academia. However, the research process is subject to change according to different contexts. Therefore, in order to have a richer understanding on the diverse research processes, in-depth interviews were also conducted with the researchers working in private research companies along with the researchers from academia. Fifteen in-depth interviews were carried out using semi-structured interview guideline. This study suggests that even tough qualitative research methods were faced with scrutiny in the past, in the last 30 years, it seems to have an accepted position and it is employed more predominantly. However, there are certain hindrances to the research practices of researchers and these hindrances, in some instances, prevent researchers from conducting studies as they prefer. Furthermore, even though the studies and efforts focused on furthering the methodological discussions on qualitative research are increasing, the interviews suggest that methodological discussions on qualitative research are, to a certain extent, still unheeded.
Evaluation of the use of content analysis in graduate theses
Qualitative content analysis has started to be used more in the recent years, especially in the last decade. This trend exists in Turkey as well. It can be said the method was founded in 1952 by Berelson, when his book Content Analysis in Communication Research was published. In this book, Berelson defined content analysis as a quantitative research technique. Criticisms arose shortly after, with Kracauer being the first critique. In the same year, Kracauer (1952) published an article titled The Challenge of Qualitative Content Analysis, in which he rejected content analysis being labeled as quantitative, and declared that the method, in fact, is a qualitative technique. The debate about if content analysis is quantitative or qualitative has been going on about since then, and content analysis has been studied methodologically as well as being used as a research technique. The motivation of this study is to identify the process and characteristics of qualitative content analysis. The aims of this study are, first, to contribute to the methodology literature in Turkey and, second, to explain how the technique is conducted and, if there is any, to overcome the misunderstandings about it. In this study, qualitative content analysis is used as the research technique. First, with literature review, it is aimed to understand the background of content analysis, where it is used, and how qualitative content analysis is conducted. With qualitative content analysis, it is aimed to identify the characteristics of the technique. For this aim, Master's and PhD theses which are written in Turkey and used qualitative content analysis in their studies are analyzed. The theses are selected from Council of Higher Education's online Thesis Center through consecutive unit type purposive sampling. There are 27 Master's and 15 PhD theses in the sample. After conducting qualitative content analysis on the sample, it is found that there is confusion about how to conduct qualitative content analysis. To overcome this confusion, some pathways are offered about conducting qualitative content analysis for researchers to reveal the difficulties related with the technique.
Bireysel silahlanmanın kadın cinayetleri üzerindeki rolünün alandaki uzmanların görüşleri ile değerlendirilmesi
Türkiye'de resmi rakamlara göre 2016, 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 301, 350 ve 281 kadın cinayeti işlenmiştir (Taştan ve Küçüker Yıldız, 2019: 2). Bianet tarafından hazırlanan erkek şiddeti raporuna göre ise bu yıllarda sırasıyla 261, 290 ve 255 kadın cinayeti işlenmiştir. (Bianet Erkek Şiddeti Çetelesi; 2016, 2017 ve 2018). Yine Türkiye'deki resmi rakamlara göre 2016-2018 yıllarında kadın cinayetlerinin %52,8'i ateşli silahlarla işlenmiştir. Bu silahların %83,9'u ruhsatsız silah iken sadece %16,1'i ruhsatlıdır (Taştan ve Küçüker Yıldız, 2019: 4). Kadın cinayetlerinde risk faktörleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar ise bireysel silahlanmanın kadın cinayetleri riskini artırdığını (Campbell ve ark., 2003; Caman ve ark., 2016; Stöckl ve ark., 2013) ve kadın cinayetlerinin önlenmesinde silah bulundurmaya ilişkin tedbirlerin alınması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır (Campbell ve ark., 2000 ve 2003; Stöckl ve ark., 2013). Bu tezin amacı, bireysel silahlanmada rol oynayan devlet kurumları ve buna karşı mücadele eden kurum/örgüt temsilcileri ile görüşmeler yaparak mevcut durumu ortaya koymak ve ateşli silahlarla işlenen kadın cinayetlerinin önlenebilmesi için çözüm önerilerine katkı sağlamaktır. Bu bağlamda, silah ruhsat işlemlerinden sorumlu kolluk kuvveti temsilcileri, kolluk kuvvetlerine bağlı aile içi şiddetle mücadele birimleri, alanda çalışma yapan akademisyenler, savcı, aile mahkemesi hakimi, avukat, sivil toplum ve medya örgütü temsilcisi ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu tez çalışması nitel bir çalışma olarak tasarlanmıştır ve yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, kadın cinayeti olgusuna dair ortak bir tanımın ve algının olması gerektiği, bütün paydaşların kullanacağı resmi bir risk değerlendirme aracının geliştirilmesi, kadına yönelik şiddet ve kadın cinayeti alanında toplumsal cinsiyet temelli verilerin düzenli olarak üretilmesi ve kamuoyu ile paylaşılması, 6284 sayılı Kanun'un eksiksiz bir şekilde uygulanması ve medyanın şiddet olaylarında kullandığı dili değiştirmesi ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine dair farkındalık yaratacak politikalar izlemesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A new approach to poverty studies: Art deprivation and art poverty as missing dimensions
In this dissertation, my purpose is to probe the relationship between art and poverty measurements with a methodological approach. In accordance with this, I aim at, first, discussing the place of art deprivation and art poverty within poverty measurements by probing the definitions of art, poverty, deprivation and basic needs; second, elaborating the necessity and possibility of the integration of art with poverty measurements; and third, form the necessary conceptual ground for the measurements of art deprivation and art poverty. For this, I conducted an online fieldwork through 22 in-depth interviews and 6 synchronous focus group discussions with artists, academics, workers of public institutions and civil society with a Grounded Theory approach. As a requirement of my methodological approach, I conducted the phases of fieldwork-transcribing-analysis simultaneously by means of MAXQDA. Within this scope, explaining the reasons for the necessity of the integration of art deprivation and art poverty with poverty measurements in micro and macro levels by expanding the definitions of art and poverty, I propose lists of components towards how to do this, and claim the real poverty rates to increase when measured.