Theses supervised by Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nur Bilge Criss
12 theses · İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University
Türkiye'nin Ortadoğu'ya yönelik dış politikasında değişim ve durağanlık
This thesis is a study on change and stability in Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East. Kjell Goldmann' s theory on change and stability in foreign policy is applied to Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East. It is argued that since the mid-1960s, Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East has been stabilized; there have been no changes in the policy except for adjustment changes. In this study, the stability in Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East is explained with the help of thirteen foreign policy stabilizers presented within the framework of Kjell Goldmann' s theory. IV
1990 sonrası Türk-İran İlişkileri
ABSTRACT The changes in the early 1990s at the international, regional and domestic levels made it inevitable to study Turkish-Iranian relations separately after 1990. This study categorizes the relations into bilateral issues, regional issues and economic relations. Turkish-Iranian relations have a multi-dimensional structure and there were ups and downs in the course of the relations through the 1990s. The relations continued on an uncertain ground. Looking to the future, there are incentives for cooperation on the one hand and obstacles to cooperation on the other. IV
Türkiye`de -A.B.D.- İsrail üçgeni: 1991-2001
ABSTRACT THE TURKEY-U.S.-ISRAEL TRIANGLE: 1991-2001 CIRIK, H. KAYIHAN M.A. in International Relations Supervisor; Asst Prof. Nur Bilge Criss July 2003, 154 pages During the Cold War, Turkey's main focus was on the perceived Soviet threat from the north. Turkey became one of the countries most deeply affected by the end of the Cold War. In the 1990s, Turkey pursue! an acövist foreign policy course, which was encouraged by a variety of factors. Especially the Middle East has become the region that Turkey's active and assertive foreign policy practices are most profoundly seen. Turkey's full backing for U.S. efforts in the Gulf War and building of close ties with Israel in this new era were outcomes of this assertive foreign policy course. The United States mostly realized the great importance of Turkey and its diverse strategic roles in the post-Cold War period. Although the two countries had different approaches and conflicting interests on some issues, where the Middle East became the region on which the most conflicting views came out, Turkey and the U.S. were mostly harmonious on various subjects. Developing close relations with Israel was among the major foreign policy orientations of Turkey. Both countries have benefited from this rapprochement and even they had some different approaches to some matters, positive outcomes of this strategic partnership have been more prominent. The triangular relationship between Turkey, the United States, and Israel had positive effects on the region and has been a very important force for maintaining peace and stability in the Middle East for a while. But one must keep in mind that it is not enough to assume that close ties in ttie past will assure smooth relations in the future. Strategic relations mean sharing plans, but this did not turn out to be tiie case for the triangular relationship in the long-run. Keywords: Turkey, tiie U.S., Israel, triangle, strategic partnership, foreign policy.
Sovyet güvenlik politikası bağlamında sivil-asker ilişkileri: Brejnev`den Gorbaçev`e
ABSTRACT CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN SOVIET DEFENSEMAKING FROM BREZHNEV TO GORBACHEV PAKIN, ESRA MIR in International Relations Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Nur Bilge Criss June 2003 This thesis aims to elaborate on Soviet defensemaking with special attention to the process of evolution that characterized civil-military relations from Leonid I. Brezhnev and his successors up to Mikhail S. Gorbachev inclusive. It attempts an account of how the two parties perceived and responded to the external threats -in particular from the 'West' (the U.S. and NATO)- faced by the Union since the mid- 1960s and how the military endeavored to prevail in intrabureaucratic discussions in order to have a major say in the formulation of Soviet foreign policy. Keywords: Soviet, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, civil-military, arms control, defense 111
Türkiye-İsrail Antantı: Türkiye-İsrail işbirliği'nin Türkiye-İran ilişkileri'ne etkisi
This thesis analyzes the Turkish-Israeli relations, which reached an apex with the 1996 military agreement respectively for both countries. Whether this cooperation is an alliance will be discussed. In the press and in some certain academic circles it is argued that Turkish-Israeli alignment would harm Turkey's relations with its other Middle Eastern neighbors and it would cause an isolation of Turkey in the region. While Turkish-Israeli alignment can be deemed as a effect of evolving Turkish foreign policy toward the Middle East in the post-Cold war era depending on its shifting threat perceptions, this alignment is far from being depicted as an alliance. Apart from targeting a third state, PKK (Partiye Karkaren Kurdistan) terrorism constituted the main motivation of the alignment. On the other hand, including from the Kurdish and Palestinian issues, Turkey and Israel lacked accord on many critical topics. In contemporary multipolar world order Turkey's maintaining relations with its neighbors despite the fluctuations, traditional Turkish foreign policy which oppose polarization in the Middle East are significant factors that obstruct an alliance type relation between Turkey and Israel. Keywords: Alliance Theories, Turkish-Israeli Alignment, Multipolarity, Middle East, Iran, Weapons of Mass Destructions, PKK. Ill
Türkiye'nin Bolşeviklerle ilişkileri (1919-1922)
ABSTRACTErsoy-McMeekin, NesrinM.A. Department of International RelationsSupervisor: Asst. Prof. Nur Bilge CrissMay 2007While the Russian Empire was completely destroyed by the BolshevikRevolution of 6-7 November 1917, the Ottoman Empire gave its last breath in MudrosArmistice in 18 October 1918. There would be a new beginning without return forboth nations from then on. The Bolshevik Government in Russia and AnkaraGovernment, which was the leader of the resistance in Turkey, started to fight againstthe common enemy. Both of the governments aimed to prove themselves, whileBolsheviks were trying to declare and expand their regimes and movements, to theWorld. Right at that point, Moscow and Ankara became allies against the ImperialistEuropean States. However, their friendship was not without a cost. While Bolshevikswere aiming to expand their regimes to Anatolia and if possible aimed to makeAnatolia a Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union, Kemalists aimed to get material andspiritual support of the Bolsheviks without adopting their regimes in Anatolia. Thus,Turkish-Bolshevik relations would change everyday according to these aims. Thisstudy evaluates the relations between the Bolshevik Government in Russia and theNationalist Movement (later Ankara Government) in Turkey during the Turkish Warof Independence, and explains the dimensions and reasons of this alliance.
1945-1980 yılları arasında Türk-Amerikan ilişkileri: Güvenlik arayışı ve değişime adaptasyon
ABSTRACTTURKISH-AMERICAN RELATIONS (1945-1980): SEARCH FOR SECURITYAND ADAPTING TO CHANGEPakel, Aykın BerkM.A., Department of International RelationsSupervisor: Asst. Prof. Nur Bilge CrissJanuary 2007This thesis aims to elaborate on Turkish-American relations between 1945 and1980. It attempts to give an account of the major developments and trends in therelations between the two countries in the selected timeframe. It purports to find outthe domestic and international economic, political and military factors anddevelopments that were instrumental in the constitution of a close partnership betweenthe two countries and in the alienation and partial disengagement that were observedin the relationship as of the mid-1960s.Keywords: Turkey, United States, Alliance, Cyprus, The Cold War, Change inRelations
AB çerçevesinde Yunanistan'ın Türkiye'ye karşı izlediği politikalar
This thesis examines Greek policies towards Turkey with an emphasis on the effect of Greece?s membership to the European Union. The research question is how EC/EU membership was used by Greece in the bilateral relations with Turkey. The focus period is from Greece?s gaining of membership status in 1981 until the Helsinki Summit in 1999, where Turkey was granted candidate status for EU membership. For a thorough understanding of the period, the period by the end of the Second World War until 1981 is also examined in terms of Greek foreign and defense policies, Greece-EC relations and relations with Turkey. This work represents the usage of EU membership by Greece as a bargaining power in its relations with Turkey for solution of the disputes.
Savaşın enstrümanları: Türkiye, kromit, ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı
Bu tez, Türkiye?nin İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasındaki rolünü inceleyen bir tarih anlatısıdır. Tezin başlıca amacı, bu ticaretin tarafsız bir güç olarak Türkiye?nin statüsünü ve bu arada Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerini nasıl etkilediğini anlamaya çalışmaktır.Yardımcı literatürün yanı sıra, Amerikan Dışişleri ve İçişleri Bakanlıkları ve Stratejik Hizmetler Dairesinde (OSS) bulunan Amerikan Ulusal Arşivlerindeki ciddi sayıda kaynak doküman da incelenmiştir.Bu tez, Türk devlet adamlarının savaş süresince Türkiye?nin tarafsızlığını korumak amacıyla kromiti başarılı bir biçimde bir pazarlık aracı olarak kullandıklarını savunmaktadır. İngiliz ve Amerikalıların kromit ticaretini tekelleştirilmesi ve Almanların bu madene ulaşmalarını engelleme yönündeki çabalarının büyük oranda başarısızlıkla sonuçlandığı tezi de ayrıca ele alınmıştır.
Söylemler çatışması: Haiti ile ilişkiler üzerine Amerikan ulusal tartışması, 1789-2004.
This dissertation is a historical-comparative analysis of the rhetorical forms and frames that have shaped United States-Haitian relations, departing from the predominantly action-oriented perspective of international relations literature. The study expounds continuity and change in official foreign policy discourse as ?The United States? and ?Haiti? were reinterpreted through time. It also displays how these constructions of ?self? and ?other? have been contested within the public and political domain. This work is a contribution not only for its elaboration on the mostly unattended public, press and congressional critique of Haitian policy, but also for shedding further light on the role of African Americans in U.S. foreign policy making.
Soğuk savaş sonrasında Türkiye ve Balkanlar: Diplomatik/siyasi, ekonomik ve askeri ilişkiler
Bu tez, 14. yüzyıldan bu yana Türkiye?nin yabancısı olmadığı bir bölge olarak Balkanlar?ın, Türkiye açısından siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik önem arz ettiğini savunmaktadır. Türkiye?nin Balkanlar?la güçlü tarihi bağları bulunmaktadır; bölge, Türkiye ve Avrupa arasında stratejik bir bağ teşkil etmektedir; Ankara için bölgedeki Türk azınlığının bulundukları ülkelerde entegre bir biçimde yaşamaları önem taşımaktadır; ayrıca Türkiye?de, Ankara?nın Balkan politikaları üzerinde etkili, önemli sayıda Balkan kökenli nüfus bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeplerden ötürü, 1990 sonrasında Türkiye bölge olaylarına daha fazla dahil olmaya başladı. Ancak, ilişkilerdeki yoğunluk, daha acil cevap bekleyen iç ve dış politika konuları nedeniyle 1995 itibarıyla ivme kaybetmiş, bu da siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik alanlar arasında güçlü bir işbirliği ağı eksikliğini beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çerçevede, bu tezdeki temel araştırma soruları, Türkiye?nin 1990 sonrasında bölgeye yönelik siyasi, diplomatik, ekonomik ve askeri politikalarının hangi koşullarda formüle edildiğini ve bu politikaların bir süreklilik mi sergilediği yoksa duraksamaların meydana gelip gelmediğini (ve bunların nasıl oluştuğunu) bulmak temelinde olacaktır. Bölgeye yönelik iyi hazırlanmış politikaların; siyasi, diplomatik, ekonomik ve askeri ilişkilerin eşit derecede ele alınıp değerlendirilmesiyle elde edilebileceği belirtilmektedir.
İslam Devrimi yolunda ABD-İran ilişkileri
This thesis aims to elaborate on the U.S.-Iranian relations on the road to the Islamic revolution with a special attention to the identity-security dynamics in these relations and in the impact on the dynamics of the foreign policies of the two countries. In addition, the societal security concerns are discussed in comparison to the threat perceptions of the Iranian state. It attempts to find an answer to the question how the U.S.-Iranian relations affected the internal and external dynamics that Iran found itself on the eve of the Islamic Revolution of 1979.Key Words: identity, Iran, revolution, security, society, United States