Novel
1,657 theses under this subject heading
Soğuk savaş döneminde Türkiye'deki siyasal İslamcılık hareketinin dış politika söylemlerinin hidayet romanları üzerinden incelenmesi
Türkiye Soğuk Savaş Döneminde, resmi bir politika olarak Batı Bloku ittifakı içinde yer almıştır. Diğer taraftan ülke içindeki siyasi hareketler kendi ilke ve menfaatleri çerçevesinde iki kutuplu uluslararası sisteme dair bir dış politika söylemi geliştirmişlerdir. Önce 1946 sonrası gelişen demokratik siyasi ortam ve ardından 1960 sonrasında genişleyen sivil özgürlükler sebebiyle bu söylemler daha görünür hale gelmişlerdir. İslamcılık, Türkiye'nin en eski ve etkili siyasi hareketlerinden biridir. Batıya karşı tepkisel gelişen ama batı değerlerini eklektik olarak alan İslamcı düşünce Cumhuriyetin ilanı sonrasındaki seküler inkılap süreci ile akademik ve resmi alandan çekilmiştir. Roman edebiyat türleri içinde en siyasal olan türlerden biridir. Bir kurgu bağlamında okura siyasal mesaj vermek hem etkili hem de adli açıdan güvenli bir metottur. 196o sonrasında yazılan hidayet romanları dönemin İslamcılık düşüncesi için birer propaganda ve doktriner eğitim aracıdır. Kitle medyası işlevi gören bu romanlar okuyucuyu İslamcı ideoloji etrafında toplumsallaştırmıştır. Her siyasi propaganda metni gibi hidayet romanlarında da savunduğu ideolojinin dış politika söylemi bulunmaktadır. Bu tezde, "Soğuk Savaş Dönemi Türkiye İslamcılığının dış politika söylemi nasıldır" sorusu, hidayet romanları üzerinden yapılan söylem ve metin incelemesi metodu ile incelenmiştir. Tezin sonunda iki çok satan hidayet romanı; Minyeli Abdullah ve Oğlum Osman romanları geliştireln tez çerçevesinde incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur.
Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar'ın deneme ve tenkitleri üzerine bir inceleme
Türk edebiyatında romancılığı ve hatıra yazarlığı ile tanınan Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar'ın Mütareke döneminde deneme ve tenkitler yazmaya başladığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada Abdülhak Şinasi'nin deneme ve tenkitleri üzerine bir inceleme gerçekleştirilmeden önce onun bir münekkit olarak yazı hayatına başladığı dönemde öne çıkan eleştirmenlerle arasında ilgiler kurulmaktadır. Böylelikle Abdülhak Şinasi'nin edebî eserin "ruhuna nüfuzu" esas alan tenkit anlayışının dönemi içindeki özgünlüğüne dikkat çekilir. Buna ek olarak Hisar'ın hem tenkitçiliği hem de sanat anlayışı hakkında edebiyat ve sanat çevrelerinin değerlendirmelerine de yer verilerek Abdülhak Şinasi'nin eleştirmenliği iki farklı noktadan ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada Hisar'ın düşünce dünyasını şekillendiren Bergson felsefesinin deneme ve tenkitlerine yansımaları tespit edilerek Abdülhak Şinasi'nin tenkit anlayışı, romanın teorik meselelerine bakışı üzerinde de durulur. Bu bağlamda Hisar'ın tenkide, romana, şiir, tiyatro gibi sanatın türlü kollarına bakışı bir eseri tenkit ederken hangi noktalara dikkat ettiği hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır.
1980 dönemi Türk romanında yenilik arayışları
1980-1990 arası yıllar edebiyatımızda roman türünün gelişimi açısından önemli bir kırılma ve yenilenme dönemidir. İlgili dönemin romanlarına yönelik eleştirilerde, dönem romanlarının genellikle 12 Eylül 1980 askerî darbesi ile ilişkilendirildiği görülür. Bu tespit yanlış olmamakla birlikte, büyük eksiklikleri de barındırır. Dolayısıyla 1980'li yıllarda yaşanan kültürel ve toplumsal gelişmeler, yeni edebî anlayışlar üzerine daha derin bir okuma yapılmasını gerektirir. Yeni yeni görülmeye başlayan postmodernizm, büyülü gerçekçilik, varoluşçuluk, Erich Fromm okumaları, fantastik ve masalsı anlatımlar, çoklu bakış açılarının öne çıkması ve yeni bir eleştiri anlayışının devreye girmesi dönem romanını anlamak için oldukça önemlidir. Bütün bunların yanı sıra, yazma sürecinin romanın mevzusu hâline getirilmesi de dönem romanlarının öne çıkan göstergeleri arasında yer alır. Söz konusu felsefi ve edebî anlayışlar, dönem insanının gerçekliği farklı farklı algılamasına sebep olurken, gerçeğin bireye göre çeşitlenmesi sanatçıları yeni arayışlara sevk eder. Bu tür yenilikler romanlarda, anlatıcı ve bakış açısı tekniklerinde de kendini gösterir. Dolayısıyla dönem zihniyetinde ortaya çıkan bu dönüşümün romanlara yansıması, anlatıcı ve bakış açısı merkezli bir okuma ile ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada dönemin edebiyat ortamı, sanat ve edebiyat yıllıkları, öne çıkan ödüller, ayrıca yeni eleştiri tutumları bir arada incelenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: 1980 Romanı, Yenilik, Arayış, Anlatıcı, Bakış Açısı
Bilbo's hero's journey through the scope of Campbell's Monomyth
The purpose of this thesis is to discuss how J.R.R Tolkien formulated the journey of a hero in his novel "The Hobbit or There and Back Again". The thesis is aimed at explaining the journey of Bilbo, Thorin and Gandalf through the scope of Joseph Campbell's monomyth. The reader is provided with information which helped Tolkien's work to become successful. Also, it has been discussed with the archetypes of Carl Jung that the characters which are studied are not unique heroes. Tolkien, in "The Hobbit or There and Back Again", points out the importance of spiritual and material world. He draws attention to the fact that the courage of a little fellow in a wide world might be for the benefit of the rest. By choosing a hobbit as a protagonist he aims at showing the significance of an insignificant person might be greater. On a larger scale, Tolkien aims at attacking prejudices of humanity. Key words: quest, monomyth, archetype, myth, hero's journey
J. M. Coetzee's Foe as rewriting of Robinson Crusoe: The problems of Canon and narratorial voice
This study analyses Nobel Prize-winning South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee's postcolonial period novel Foe (1986) as a rewriting of Robinson Crusoe from two focus points. Firstly, it shows how Foe attempts to gain canon status by using Robinson Crusoe's status of being a member of the Western Canon. And it also shows that Foe as a postcolonial period novel seeks canon status in order to give the right to presence to people who were formerly ignored existence and silenced in colonialist novels. Secondly, it shows that there are multiple narratorial voices in the novel and the reason why they are present in the novel.
Une etude autofictionnelle dans L'autre qu'on Adorait de Catherine Cusset
Authors on 18th and 19th centuries who prefers ''I'' (fr. récits de je, écriture de soi) were ignored until the 20th century's postmodernism was noticed and seemed valuable.(80's). This new season's most obvious property was the subject's (fr. sujet) return to the text(s). This return will bring out many discourses to the modern writing and cause a new writing technique called as ''Autofiction'' thanks to Prof. Dr. Ali Tilbe. This new technique brings novel-ish features and author's own life story together and puts the subject which is the Author in the center. Although ''Autofiction'' is not a novel or an autobiography but at the same time it has some relativities with both. With this it can be stated: There is a connection between ''Novel, Autobiography and Autofiction'' that is hard to break. Beside this Serge Doubrovsky adds a new subgenre to autofiction by writing down a story he heard from one of his close friends which he defines it as the real novel. (fr. roman vrai). Even though just like autofiction, real novel (fr. roman vrai) lives on the papers, there are still some arguments about it's content. A production, a work that has fiction and reality in one causes discussions and arguments by the authors and reviewers but readers keep reading these kind of books with joy. One of the very important Authors of our time Catherine Cusset published her book ''L'Autre qu'on adorait'' on 2016. At that same year her novel won the Switzerland Goncourt Reward. This novel hasn't been translated to our language (Turkish) yet but it seems clear that both autofiction and real novel plays a big role on literature. Author uses the techniques and ways that this new genre provides and merges with his own techniques and comes out to the surface as a whole new trend to Novel World. ''L'Autre qu'on adorait'' is about short and sad life of the author's close friend. The way that author calls her dead friend as ''You'' shows how postmodernism cares for the language. Author's way of writing put the reader in the novel and reader continues to read with a big excitement. We can easily say that this novel did contribute to the autofiction and real novel genres which are developing. Even though autofiction is accepted by many it needs time and new examples such as this novel to be accepted by everyone. Authors like Catherine Cusset is the leading actresses and actors helping this genre to fit in. On the other hand, readers affect cannot be denied. Our biggest expectation is to see new novels, examples about this new genre and see how our country supporting and helping it to develop.
Une étude sur Travail d'Emile Zola dans le cadre de la méthode de structuralisme génétique
Notre but dans ce mémoire est de faire une analyse en utilisant la méthode de critique littéraire appelée le structuralisme génétique de Lucien Goldmann dans le roman Travail d'Émile Zola et de montrer la pertinence de la méthode dans l'analyse des oeuvres littéraires. Étudier le roman de Zola de manière totalisante et cohérente, grâce à cette méthode prenant en main les oeuvres philosophiques et littéraires avec le matérialisme dialectique de Marx et la conception l'esthétique de Hegel, constitue l'importance du mémoire. Essayer d'expliquer la vision du monde de Zola dans cette oeuvre avec la situation historique et sociale en partant des structures immanentes, serait utile pour les futures études. L'absence d'étude scientifique sur les oeuvres de Zola avec l'approche de structuralisme génétique et la volonté de démontrer que celle-ci est parfaitement pertinente dans l'analyse de ses oeuvres, constituent l'une de principales motivations de cette entreprise. En effet, cette méthode, basée sur le marxisme, vise d'abord à examiner les structures immanentes du travail en utilisant des méthodes de critique littéraire structuraliste. Nous avons également utilisé les méthodes des théoriciens tels que Gérard Genette, Algirdas Julien Greimas et Roland Barthes dans le niveau de compréhension. Ensuite, au cours du niveau d'explication, nous avons discuté du travail à la lumière de la méthode sociologique applicable à toutes les oeuvres littéraires de Goldmann. Sauf des travaux de ces théoriciens, les sources utilisées dans cette étude ont été procurées des bibliothèques, bases de données et librairies. Le XIXe siècle est une période où l'Europe connaît de grands changements et bouleversements dans tous les domaines : les plus grands développements de l'histoire de l'humanité se sont réalisés dans les domaines de la politique, l'économie, la société, l'éducation, l'armée et la technique. Dans cette période de grands bouleversements, les structures sociales changent totalement et de grands mouvements sociaux se révèlent. Avec le système capitaliste développant, il se présente d'une part, une classe bourgeoise très puissante et d'autre part, une classe ouvrière qui tente de survivre en vendant sa main-d'oeuvre en Europe. Alors que les bourgeois s'enrichissent chaque jour, les ouvriers vivent dans des conditions extrêmement difficiles. Dans un tel environnement et telle période, les conflits de classes ont également atteint une phase critique. Au fil du temps, les travailleurs ont formé des organisations, des structurations et des idéologies très efficaces. Émile Zola est né et a grandi à cette époque, et sa vision du monde a été formée en observant ces situations de l'humanité. Tout au long de sa carrière d'écrivain, il a tenté d'examiner la société physiologiquement et a essayé d'en faire un roman, qui est une sorte d'art, une science. Il a formé la théorie du naturalisme en étant influencé par de nombreux penseurs positivistes de l'époque. Dans son ouvrage intitulé Rougon-Macquart, il a tenté de créer l'arbre généalogique de la communauté française et a traité toutes sortes et types de personnes. Surtout, dans la période de la IIIe République, il avait commencé à travailler et à réfléchir non seulement à examiner la société mais aussi à savoir comment la société et les gens devraient être. Par conséquent, faire une étude méthodologique sur Travail de Zola, mettre en évidence les structures internes et transcendantes de l'oeuvre, l'importance de l'idéologie sociale et des événements dans la formation du travail et la démonstration de leurs rôles de façonner les idées et les visions du monde chez les écrivains, constituent l'importance de l'étude. Zola étant également un journaliste et un penseur, en prenant en main les structures internes du roman, on a étudié comment les conditions sociales et historiques ont affecté sa vision du monde, quelles sont ses réactions et quelle est la forme de sa vision du monde dans son livre. Au niveau de la compréhension de notre étude, les structures internes constituant l'oeuvre ont été examinées. Les techniques littéraires qui composent le roman avaient été successivement appliquées et l'auteur adhère aux techniques naturalistes autant que possible. La première moitié du travail est assez réaliste, mais à partir de la seconde moitié, le récit s'installe à un univers fictif. Au niveau de l'explication de l'étude, au cours duquel nous avons visé à examiner les structures transcendantes (politique, culturelle, économique, éducative, etc.) du travail, nous avons constaté que l'auteur avait été impressionné par les conditions sociales et les événements historiques de la période vécue. En approchant cette oeuvre à travers différents points de vue, avec la méthode critique du structuralisme génétique basée sur le marxisme de Lucien Goldmann, nous tentons de montrer l'effet des conflits entre les classes de l'époque sur les idéologies qui dirigent la société ; cela constitue un autre aspect important de l'étude. Travail de Zola a été étudié moyennant la méthode de Lucien Goldmann dans sa structure interne. Après, ce travail est expliqué avec les réalités de la société dans laquelle il s'est produit. En conséquence, l'auteur a présenté une solution à l'humanité en identifiant les problèmes et les détériorations de la société. L'auteur, qui agit comme un intellectuel, offre une thèse à la société et a voulu qu'elle soit comprise par tous. Il s'est opposé à des phénomènes tels que l'exploitation, l'individualisme, l'aliénation, l'esclavage et l'inégalité qui ont conduit la société au désastre et il a proposé des solutions pour les corriger. En concevant cette proposition Zola a bénéficié des idées de nombreux penseurs socialistes et anarchistes importants de son époque. Selon l'auteur, un monde meilleur peut être constitué par les hommes en faisant des sacrifices, en émancipant l'éducation, l'exaltation de travail, la solidarité, la science et la liberté. Dans le résultat de notre étude, nous avons constaté que Zola reflète de nombreux thèmes opposés de la société dans son travail. Mots Clés : Émile Zola, Structuralisme, Travail, Vision du monde, Structuralisme génétique, Lucien Goldmann, Sociologie de la littérature
Religious conflict in Muriel Spark's novels: The Bachelors, The Comforters and Memento Mori
Muriel Spark, who was born as Jewish and later adopted Catholicism, is an author like many authors who reflect their ideologies, beliefs and philosophies in their works. Religion is a significant item in her novels. In this study, God-author relationship, the effects of religion on fate, free will (the characters' choices or wishes) and divine will, namely fiction and reality are discussed in Spark's three chosen novels; The Bachelors, The Comforters and Memento Mori. While dealing with the subject of fate and free will, the religious conflicts adopted by her Catholic characters are analyzed.
The posthuman condition: A comparative study of Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go and Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake
Recently, numerous scientific and technological advances have taken place and the humanist attitude that man is the measure of all things has been challenged by the flourishing manifestations of trans-/posthumanism. Therefore, what it means to be human has been questioned by various theoreticians like Cary Wolfe, N. Katherine Hayles, and Donna Haraway. In this regard, concepts like Self/Other, human/non-human, body/mind are analysed anew in the framework of trans- and posthumanism. As part of dystopian literature, Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go (2005) and Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake (2003) not only indicate a posthuman condition but also illustrate the question of identity regarding the characters. Consequently, this study discloses breaking points which involve issues of authenticity, othering, as well as identity explorations of the individuals based on post-/transhumanist theories and significant issues of the contemporary age. Besides developing self-awareness to gain individual autonomy, the subjects' ability to liberate themselves through the rejection of grand narratives is discussed with references to posthuman ethics in Never Let Me Go and Oryx and Crake in a comparative manner. Key words: Kazuo Ishiguro, Margaret Atwood, metanarrative, othering, posthuman subject, posthumanism, self-awareness, transhumanism
Discourse and identity in Louis De Bernieres' Novel Birds Without Wings
The aim of this present thesis is to discuss the concept of identity in a discursive perspective in Louis De Bernieres' Birds Without Wings. Identity concept is studied on in six chapters to observe the construction and deconstruction processes of identity formation based on the related identity theories. In the first chapter the focus is on the individual identities in relation to the narrative technique applied in the novel. In the second chapter, social construction of identity, its reflections on society and social structures are discussed. The third chapter focuses on the reflections of religious identities on individual and social levels with reference to religious characters in the novel. Chapter four deals with dislocation of identities or exiled identities with reference to the event of exchange of populations of Turks and Greeks being one of the central themes in the novel. In the fifth chapter sexual identity is discussed under the concepts of gender and gender roles mostly on the social level with reference to inter-relationships and the last chapter took the concepts of disidentification and non-identity with reference to some isolated, marginalized selves as characters in the novel. As a study of identity focusing on the artificial shaping and reshaping of its structures and types in the postmodern novel Birds Without Wings written with a general attitude to make the existing multiplicities visible with the narrative technique employed by the author, identity concept, identity construction and deconstruction are aimed to be examined to discuss the awareness and effects of change, transformation, fluidity and instability of human identity in individual and social structures within a discursive frame. Key words: Identity, Discourse, Individual identity, Social identity, Religious identity, Gender identity, Exiled identity, Disidentification
Özkurmaca roman incelemesi: Patrick Modiano'nun La place de l'Etoile'i
Patrick Modiano, üretkenliği ve özgün yazı biçimiyle 2014 yılında Nobel Yazın Ödülü ile onurlandırılmış çağdaş Fransız yazınının en önemli benli anlatı yazarlarından birisidir. Yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısından başlayarak günümüze kadar yazınsal üretimini sürdüren yazar, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Yahudilere uygulanan soykırımın acılarını ve Nazi işgalinin Fransız halkının üzerindeki etkilerini yapıtlarında temel izlek olarak ele almış, aile, kimlik sorunsalı, bir topluma ait olmak veya olmamak kaygısı, yitip giden geçmişe olan özlem, aile ve baba imgesi, Yahudi soykırımını ön plana çıkaran yapıtlara imza atmıştır. Patrick Modiano'nun yapıtlarının büyük bir çoğunluğunun kendi yaşamından esinlendiği görülmektedir. Yaşamının gençlik yılları, babasına karşı olan karmaşık duyguları, savaş yıllarındaki Fransa ve özellikle Paris uzamı, özyaşamöyküsel ve özkurmaca göndermelerle romanlarında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmamız beş bölümden oluşmaktadır.Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde anlatının kuramsal çerçevesini oluşturan özkurmaca ve özyaşamöyküsü kavramlarından söz edilmektedir. İkinci ve üçüncü bölümde anlatının yazarı olan Patrick Modino'nun yapıtları genel çizgileriyle özkurmaca bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir. La place de l'étoile adlı romanın özkurmaca okumasına ayrılan dördüncü bölümde romandaki anlatı yerlemleri incelendikten sonra son bölümde romanda öne çıkan kimlik arayışı, savaş, unutuş ve bellek izlekleri çözümlenmektedir.
David Foster Wallace'in eserlerinde ahlaki ve etik konular
David Foster Wallace's works and the period post-postmodernism display a link. The ethical and moral concerns of David Foster Wallace's works in the meaning of post-postmodernism is explained. This thesis will discover the ethical and moral values and the consistency in the meanings of post-postmodern via Wallace's works. These create and improve the analysis of Wallace's work and the scholarly comprehension of the very last history. This gives a unique and imperative use of the language of a growingly vast form. Wallace's writing and his figure of depression are analysed in terms of moral and ethical concerns in post-postmodern literature. Also, to elucidate what post-postmodern should mean, it brings together a significant part of recent literary theory in its multiple styles. It demonstrates the benefits of research of Wallace's work and the use of post-postmodernism for a diversity of critical projects. The present thesis contributes the insight into Wallace's writing by providing an outline of his work and presenting an analysis of the minor and major text, interviews, fiction and nonfiction. In this thesis, two works "Brief Interviews with Hideous Men" short story collection, "Consider the Lobster" collection of essays and two short stories that Wallace penned in different periods of his career are analysed in terms of ethics and morality and also examined the concept of depression as a developing literary and social critique.
David Mitchell's Black Swan Green and the childhood perspective of the formative process within and beyond the postmodern context
This thesis points out those characteristics of Postmodernism and postmodern fiction which would be most congenial in the approach to a particular type of novel, which is the Bildungsroman. The aim of the thesis is to identify certain postmodern elements that makes David Mitchell's novel Black Swan Green a postmodern Bildungsroman and to demonstrate how, as a bildungsroman, it belongs to the postmodern context. Mitchell's fiction, which is considered experimental and innovative by the literary critics, is analysed by looking at the narrative and thematic aspects of the novel in postmodern context and, at the character dynamics in the story which is very essential for the overall meaning of the story. For this reason, the study reflects on how the main characters, especially the child characters, are represented in a postmodern environment, and how the people interact with such an environment. Key words: Postmodern fiction, Bildungsroman, experimental, child characters, Postmodern Bildungsroman.
Henry James's novels within and beyond the tradition of the Victorian bildungsroman
This study aims at discussing Victorian artist Henry James's literary practice within and beyond the framework of the Victorian Bildungsroman tradition in order to reveal the ways in which James's novels follow and at the same time depart from this literary phenomenon. The Art of Fiction by Henry James is the subject matter of this study alongside his famous novels Roderick Hudson and The Portrait of a Lady. The subject matter is discussed and elaborated first by introducing the adopted critical approaches in relation to the literary timeline in which fiction embarked on a long process of maturation. In this context, while asserting its distinguishing features from other types of fiction, it is analysed how the Victorian Bildungsroman flourished as a genre. Henry James's novels are approached through a comparative analysis in relation to the texts from the realist school (Charles Dickens's Great Expectations and Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre) and from the non-realist school (Walter Pater's Marius the Epicurean).
Hybridity in Monica Ali's Brick Lane and Arundhati Roy's the God of Small Things
This study presents an analysis of Monica Ali's Brick Lane and Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things. In each novel, the characters go into a transformation period to find their identities in the cultures they live in. The first chapter explains the theory of postcolonialism by focusing on the ideas of Edward Said, Frantz Fanon, Robert Young, Bill Ashcroft and others. Terms such as hybridity, mimicry, ambivalence and cultural identity are defined mainly in reference to Homi Bhabha. The hybrid characters with different problems find different techniques to cope with them and they reach different levels of hybridity which is studied in detail in the second and third chapters. The final chapter draws a conclusion commenting on different hybrid situations. Finally, it is observed that all hybrid characters try to find their own voice to create a 'Third Space' but only some of them can achieve this.
The Heroine's Journey in Birds Without Wings by Louis de Berniéres
Louis de Berniéres is one of the most accomplished novelists of the 21st century and his books are among the best-sellers. As a postmodernist novelist, de Berniéres deconstructs the history and constructs it with a postmodernist approach using monomyths and archetypes. This thesis studies the heroine's journey in Birds Without Wings, which is written in 2004, translated in several languages, and represents one of the greatest works of de Berniéres. We encounter with several mythical structures throughout the novel as apocalypse myth, Aphrodite myth, Medusa myth, or most importantly, the hero myth. In his book Hero with a Thousand Faces, Campbell defines what the hero's journey is and explains the stages of the hero's journey creating a pattern in the myths. However, the heroine's journey is different from the hero's journey in that it has more psychological elements rather than being simply a physical journey. Maureen Murdock, in her book The Heroine's Journey, reorganizes the stages of the heroine's journey in which the inner journey of the heroine is more emphasized. In this thesis, I am going to study the journey of Tamara and Leyla and try to explain their inner journeys using monomyths and archetypes.
Ngugi Wa Thiong'o's representation of The Mau-Mau Uprising in his Petals of Blood and A Grain of Wheat
This research is about two African novels in English, Petals of Blood (1977) and A Grain of Wheat (1967) written by Ngugi Wa Thiong'o, He is a well known African contemporary postcolonial writer. The purpose of his novels was to show the role of a long-lasting resisting movement of the Kenyas against the oppressive colonial rule in Kenya. These novels reveal people's dreams of new Kenya, the type of Kenya where everyone will be free to express their voices, where everyone will be able to get their stolen lands back from the colonizers. In addition, the other purpose of these novels is to subvert the power of the colonial text that misrepresents Kenya as a whole and that misrepresents Mau Mau revolution, depicting Mau-Mau as very evil.
Aestheticism and identity information in Walter Pater's Marius The Epicurean
The novel of formation, or the Bildungsroman, is among the most popular types of fiction in Victorian England, especially with realists. Opposed to realism and representing one of the most powerful late-nineteenth-century avant-garde trends is aestheticism. Its initator, Walter Pater, is mostly known and widely acclaimed as the theoretician of this innovative aesthetic movement. In this respect Pater's novel Marius the Epicurean is written in accord with the Bildungsroman, but,distinguishably in the sense of its thematic and narrative elements, the text differs from both socially and morally concerned realistic novel of formation. Even if Marius have found no appropriate philosophy and ended prematurely his life, nevertheless he continuously investigate and prove distinctive philosophical systems objectifiying Pater's unique aesthetic doctrine. To Pater, carrying the spirit to the fleeting chain of impressionisms in a powerful way is the keystone for a succesful and productive life. The aim of the present thesis is to explain the literary importance of the novel, reveal its non-realistic pattern and show the ways in which Pater follows the tradition of the Bildungsroman while relating it to the philosophical and aesthetic issues in many aspects.
Building female identity within immigrant background in Monica Ali's Brick Lane
This study examines the development of the Bildungsroman literary genre, which can be also described as a literary system and / or literary tradition, and its place in contemporary English literature. Bildungsroman, which reached its traditional form in Victorian English literature, is evaluated in this study through Monica Ali's novel: Brick Lane in terms of the new elements and principles the genre acquired in Modernism and Postmodernism. The focus in the study is on the identity formation of the main character, which is considered to be the central element in the Bildungsroman, and on her personal developmental process according to the Postcolonial context. Brick Lane is exemplary to the Bildungsroman literary genre in contemporary English literature when it is analysed with regard to the personal development of Nazneen, a woman who immigrated from Bangladesh to England. Monica Ali, who is also from Bangladesh and started living in England at an early age, narrates the physical, mental and social development of a woman who was born and raised in Bangladesh and immigrated to the United Kingdom when she married at a young age. In this context, it is possible to evaluate other characters besides Nazneen with their impact on the personal development of Nazneen and within their own personal and social development in respect to culture and identity. From this point of view, Monica Ali's novel Brick Lane is analysed within the context of the development of Bildungsroman literary genre in English literature and with regard to the Postcolonial literary theory on the effect of migration and culture on personality formation.
Analyzing and comparing Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Herland within the frame of feminism and vegetarianism
Women have been struggling for equality with men for a long time. They demand to have a right to vote, get education, to be free of social norms. According to the needs of certain periods, feminism, aims to change the fate of women. Women are oppressed and objectified by patriarchy in most societies. Feminist and animal rights advocate Carol J. Adams emphasizes that not only women, but also animals are objectified and killed by patriarchy. Cultural Ecofeminists asserts that the violence against these groups and nature are same and it will continue unless patriarchy stops claiming its superiority. In this regard, some ideologies like ecofeminism, cultural feminism and cultural ecofeminism are analyzed. Writers like Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Mary Shelley are dissatisfied about this violence and long for equality for all beings. In Gilman's novel Herland and Shelley's Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus indicate some features of ecofeminism and cultural feminism. Therefore, this study aims to examine how patriarchy tend to be violent and what these writers want to see in society. Key Words: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Mary Shelley, Carol J. Adams, feminism, ecofeminism, cultural ecofeminism
Gender and sexuality building identity in Jeffrey Eugenides's Middlesex
The current study presents the thematic characteristics and history of the Bildungsroman and its origins in the German literature and its flourishing in the English literature. The terms of gender and sexuality are also defined in the study. The aim of the present thesis is to analyze the postmodernist author Jeffrey EUGENIDES's Middlesex which deals with the "new" American identities of the second and third generation Greek immigrants who live in the US, and to present it through the protagonist of the novel, Calliope/Cal's point of view. The present study displays how the events and actions in the novel make it possible to be regarded as a Bildungsroman in terms of gender and sexual identity formation of Calliope/Cal. Identity formation, ethnicity and generation gap as well as the interaction between generations are presented by the novelist benefiting from myths and mythical heroes. The study reflects how the expectations of the family and society impact identity formation as well as the 5-alpha reductase disease, which results in the intersex condition of Calliope/Cal. In a world, which becomes more and more global each day, the protagonist of the novel is an intersex person, a minority in terms of gender and sexuality but also a Greek-American, a minority in terms of ethnicity. The history of the country and the globalization of the world are reflected through the protagonist. Cal/Calliope is born twice. When he is born the second time, he begins to grasp the world better. The novel, Middlesex, can be regarded as a Bildungsroman when it is analyzed in terms of gender and sexuality and the novel, in general, presents the postmodernist thematic concerns of immigration, generation gaps, inclusion of myths and mythical heroes into the contemporary life and identity formation. Key Words: the Bildungsroman, gender and sexuality, Eugenides, Middlesex, intersex
The Byronic hero as reimagined in E.L. James' novel Fifty Shades of Grey
The aim of this research is the investigation of the concept of the Byronic hero and the discovery of the Neo-Byronic hero in Fifty Shades of Grey trilogy. This paper focuses on representing and showing the characteristics of the Byronic hero from a new perspective of the Neo-Byronic hero, relying on the hypostases that have been conceived from the period Byron created his heroes and maintains to be shaped in history by literary critics until today. Byronic hero prototype is established by Lord Byron in his major works but the literature of posterity continues to be fascinated by this heroic typology, delivering its various hypostases. The most impressive and unexpected reworking of the Byronic hero is to be found in the contemporary trilogy Fifty Shades of Grey. The purpose of this study is to develop the connections between the Byronic hero and E.L. James's hypostasis Christian Grey. The questions that are central to this discourse of the Byronic hero will refer to the ways this character is represented, how much Byronic hero's persona is preserved in fascinating Christian Grey and to investigate in which ways the new Byronic hero departs from its original prototype. Other literary examples of Byronic heroes from the 19th century onwards are highlighted, as well as, present some antecedents of the Byronic hero in contemporary popular culture. Key Words: the Byronic hero, hypostasis, the Neo-Byronic hero, Fifty Shades of Grey
The interplay between racism and feminism: Black feminism and Toni Morrison's 'Paradise'
Toni Morrison's novel Paradise provides a vivid picture of patriarchy and racism. The novel is surrounded with crucial symbols in connection with race and gender. The novel takes place in Ruby near Oklahoma. It is a small town where only black men hold the authority and manipulate the system according to their interests.In terms of identity there is no separate concept for women in the novel. They have to obey all the rules which are expected by men. On the other hand, There is a place which is known as Convent near Ruby. The women who live in Convent trigger the hatred and anger of those men against women in general because they think that they can not control the women as they control their wives. The women in Convent show their identities bravely and freely. Therefore, it menaces the absolute authority of men. The concept of strong women and how merciless men can be If the authority is taken from them, are emphasized with the help of Convent thematically.Actually, from the very beginning to the end, Toni Morrison draws the picture of difficulties women have to deal with. The richness of the novel stems from the thematic elements intimately linked to the language and discourse intertwined with racism and patriarchy. The way she uses the language and the events that take place provide different perspectives on these issues non-chronologically. There is a striking interplay between past and present in connection with inequalities in terms of gender and race. Actually, Morrison tries to show that the underlying reason of segregation is not closely linked to race or gender. The aim of this study is to analyze the thematic elements and their relations to the interplay between racism and feminism known as Black Feminism and as a conclusion how concepts of race and gender are used to hide interests stemming from political and economic reasons are explained in the light of literature review. In the study, as data collection method, the thematic analysis has been used to explain the content according to themes.
Bir özkurmaca roman incelemesi: Jorge Semprun'un Büyük Yolculuk'u
Tarih boyunca yaşanan savaşlar, salgınlar, doğal afetler ve kitlelerin kıyımına neden olan tüm olaylar, disiplinlerarası düzeyde yapılan araştırmaların sayısını artırmıştır. Yapılan bu araştırmalar da disiplinlerarası işbirliklerinin güçlenmesini sağlamıştır. 1939-1945 yılları arasında gerçekleşen ve milyonlarca Yahudinin katledilmesi ile sonuçlanan 2. Dünya Savaşı; tarihsel, toplumbilimsel, tinbilimsel ve yazınsal olarak ele alınan bir dönemdir. Bu savaş sürecinin, birey ve toplum üzerindeki etkisi disiplinlerarası yönteme başvurularak araştırılmması gereken bir olaydır. Yahudi Soykırımı (fr. Holocauste) 2. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında hayatta kalmayı başaran pek çok insanın üzerinde uzun süren acıklı etkiler bırakmıştır. Özellikle savaş sırasında toplama kamplarında tutsak olarak bulunan yazarlar, savaşın en önemli tanıkları olmuşlardır. İşkenceye maruz kalan veya öldürülen yahudilerin sesi olmak adına yaşadıklarını yapıtlarına aktaran yazarlar, soy kırımının dehşetini tüm içtenlikleriyle anlatmayı hedeflemişlerdir.20. yüzyılın en önemli tanıklarından olan İspanyol senarist, siyasetçi ve yazar Jorge Semprun; toplama kamplarında edindiği deneyimlerini yazdığı romanlar aracılığı ile okurlarla buluşturmuştur. Semprun, yazmayı savaş sarsıntısından kurtulmak için bir sığınak olarak nitelendirmiştir. Yazar, Fransız Philippe Lejeune'ün kuramsallaştırdığı gerçeğe sıkı sıkıya bağlanmayı gerektiren özyaşamöyküsü kuramından büyük ölçüde yarralanmıştır. Ancak yazar, kurmaca ve gerçekliğin harmanlandığı yeni bir anlatım biçemi kullanmaktan da geri durmamıştır. Yanılsamalı gerçekliği dışa vurmak amacı ile kurmacayı ustalıkla kullanan Semprun, Fransız araştırmacı Serge Doubrovsky tarafından kuramsallaştırılan özkurmacayı kendine daha yakın hisseder. Çünkü özkurmaca, yazara gerçekliği kurmaca ile var edebileceği bir alan açar ve ben anlatıcı-yazara içsel özduyumlarını dışsallaştırma olanağı sunar. Bu çalışma çerçevesinde yapılacak olan roman çözümlemesi, özkurmaca roman inceleme yöntem ve yaklaşımlarına başvurularak gerçekleştirilecektir. Çalışmada öncelikli olarak genel anlamda, benli anlatıların oluşum ve gelişim süreçleri, Philippe Lejeune'ün özyaşamöyküsü kuramı ile Serge Doubrovsky'nin özkurmaca kuramı, özkurmacanın özyaşamöyküsüne eklemlenme aşamaları ele alınacak, daha sonraki bölümlerde ise Jorge Semprun'ın yazın ile olan ilişkisi irdelenerek, yazarın 1963 yılında yayınlanan Büyük Yolculuk adlı romanı Holokost ve Holokost'un beraberinde getirdiği izlekler temel alınarak özkurmaca yöntemi bağlamında çözümlenecektir.