Science of translation
243 theses under this subject heading
Bir maske olarak dil kullanımının yazın çevirisine yansımaları: Bir çift dilli yazar/çevirmen incelemesi
Bu tez çalışmasında, dünyayı algılama biçimimizi etkileyen, anlam yaratma gücü olan, toplumların ve kişilerin kimlik inşasında önemli yer tutan, aynı zamanda bir amaç taşıma işlevi de gören dilin, bir yazar/çevirmen tarafından nasıl arkasına sığınılan bir maske olarak kullanılabileceği bir "öz-çeviri" örneği üzerinden ele alınacaktır. Bu bağlamda yazar/çevirmenin dilin ardına sığınma eğiliminin altında yatan olası sebepler ve bu sebeplerin kültürel, sosyal ve psikolojik etkileri yazar/çevirmen ve çevirmenin kendilerini ifade etme biçimlerini nasıl etkilediği çeviribilim çerçevesinde ele alınacak, dilin her iki çeviri sürecinde uğradığı değişimler ve bu değişimlerin olası nedenleri tespit edilecektir. Çalışmada Hans J. Vermeer'in her çeviri eyleminin bir amacı olduğunu ve her çevirinin amacının kendi gerekliliklerine özgü olduğu vurgusunu yaptığı Skopos kuramı üzerinden yazar/çevirmenin değişen yazma amacıyla beraber kendini çevirmesi bağlamında "öz-çeviri" kavramı temel alınarak çeviribilim odaklı bir inceleme yapılacak, bir ''öz-çeviri" olan Elif Batuman'ın kaleme aldığı The Idiot (2018) adlı kaynak metin ve metnin Hande Dönmez tarafından Türkçeye kazandırılan Budala (2023) adlı çevirisi karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilerek her iki çeviride uygulanan çevirmen kararları sonucunda kullanılan çeviri stratejileri tespit edilecek, bu doğrultuda dilin maske olarak nasıl kullanıldığı, çift dilli ve çift kültürlü olmanın yazar/çevirmene sağladığı imkânlar, dil-kültür ilişkisi ve bu ilişkinin çeviri metinlere yansımaları, çift dilli bir yazar/çevirmen olarak yazarın "öz-çeviri" yoluyla farklı bir kültürde kendine nasıl yeni bir benlik inşa edip var oluş kazandırdığı ve çeviri amaçları doğrultusunda kaynak ve erek metinde uygulanan çevirmen kararları örnekler üzerinden incelenerek çözümlenmeye çalışılacaktır.
A cross-temporal analysis of intralingual translation: The case of Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpinar's works in Türkiye
This study links the shifting language policies in Türkiye to the discourses of intralingual translations, taking into account the political and secularisation trajectory of the country. The thesis seeks to demonstrate the role and function of intralingual translations played in the evolution of the Turkish language and discourse within the framework of the establishment of (de)secularisation, the construction of cultural memory, and the achievement of linguistic hospitality. To accomplish its aims, the present study carries out a cross-temporal analysis of Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar's three novels Gulyabani, Kuyruklu Yıldız Altında Bir İzdivaç and Efsuncu Baba written before the Turkish language reform and their intralingual translations conducted by various private publishing houses throughout the Republican history. Seeing discourse as a historically constructed entity, the present study employs Discourse Historical Approach devised by Ruth Wodak (2001) to conduct a cross-temporal analysis of the intralingual translations of Gürpınar's novels. The discourse patterns detected in various intralingual translations reflect the ideological positioning of the time period in which they were created. In conclusion, the reconceptualisation of intralingual translations conducted across different time periods within the framework of Turkish translation history demonstrates that the discourse on Ottoman Turkish is reconstructed based on the prevailing ideologies of the respective production periods during the Republican era. It is revealed that the notion of 'language modernisation' remains inadequate to fully encompass the extent of these intralingual translations, as they both secularise and modernise the discourse of the source text and demonstrate cultural, social, political and historical zeitgeist. Therefore, research on intralingual translations sheds light on the multifaceted relationship between the Republic of Türkiye and its Ottoman past, as well as its gradual trajectory towards secularisation and modernisation.
Translated queer fiction in Turkish: A comparative study on Turkish translations of Patricia Highsmith's Carol: The Price of Salt
Recently in Translation Studies, the interaction between translation and gender has become more apparent. As the number and quality of studies published at this intersection increase, feminist translation studies and queer translation studies have become the sub-disciplines under Translation Studies. As a branch of this field, many studies have been conducted in respect of queer translation and queer theory. Yet, there is still a noticeable gap that needs to be filled in queer translation studies. Hence, this thesis focuses on the differences of translated queer fiction through several consecutive decades in terms of translation strategies with special emphasis to the aspects such as, patronage, ideology, censorship and visibility. To this end, this thesis aims to make a comparative analysis of the two Turkish translations of the queer literary novel Carol: The Price of Salt. 1992 translation by Mehmet Harmancı and 2018 translation by Seçkin Selvi of the novel will be examined in the light of Marc Démont's queer translation modes and B.J Epstein's translation approaches. The reasons for different translation strategies observed between the two Turkish translations will be analyzed according to André Lefevere's theoretical framework. As to conclude, it is expected to focus on different translation approaches and what affected translators to adopt those approaches for translating this queer literary work throughout the years.
Quality of interlingual subtitles created by professional and non-professional translators: An assessment of a crowdsourced translation project
Democratization of technology has set a stage for prosumers, who have started to take on an active role in online translation activities, and also has brought about the appearance of new practices and environments. This thesis, circling around the quality assessment of interlingual subtitles created by professional and non-professional translators, aims to investigate a crowdsourced translation project as one of those new translation environments, where volunteer translators with distinctive backgrounds engage and collaborate in a participatory culture. In accordance with this aim, the TED Translators program was determined as the data source of the thesis and profiles of volunteer translators were reviewed to recognize professionals and non-professionals according to self-identification data. Conforming to the purposive sampling strategy, four professional and four non-professional volunteer translators that had translated TED-Ed Lessons were chosen at random. The interlingual subtitles translated into Turkish by the volunteers were evaluated following the framework of the FAR Model (2017), drawn by Jan Pedersen, and a mixed-methods quality assessment was conducted searching for an answer to the question of whether the quality of interlingual subtitles produced by different groups of translators for the same crowdsourced translation project shows disparities. The analysis, in which TED's in-house translation guidelines were also employed to feed the FAR Model, additionally concentrated on the sufficiency of in-house guidelines to ensure a standard of quality between the translators. The results of the quality assessment present insightful perspectives on Audiovisual Translation training, translation competence, and online collaborative translation practices.
Analyse de la traduction sous-titrée en turc des éléments d'identité de genre dans le film «La Cage Aux Folles»
Le film « La Cage aux Folles » se focalise sur différentes identités et orientations sexuelles et, c'est dans ce contexte que les préjugés sociaux ont été abordés. Il s'avère donc important que le traducteur aborde ces questions avec soin et traduise en tenant compte de l'identité sexuelle de la personne en question. Le fait que la langue turque ne contienne que très peu de discriminations fondées sur le sexe est parfois pratique, mais cela peut entraîner certaines pertes au niveau au sens. Ces pertes de sens sont d'une grande importance dans le cadre de la traduction féministe, et leur traduction fidèle est cruciale pour préserver l'identité sexuelle. L'objectif de l'étude en question est de relever les sections reflétant des éléments d'identité sexuelle en turc et en anglais. Premièrement nous classerons nos exemples choisis parmi plusieurs. Ces exemples choisis en français, en turc et en anglais seront présentés sous la forme d'un tableau, et seront comparés suivant les particularités des langues et cultures en question. Par ailleurs, les approches adoptées dans la traduction des sous-titres seront évaluées dans le contexte des stratégies de traduction des sous-titres évoquées dans le livre de Diaz Cintas et Remael « Audiovisual Translation : Subtitling » (2007). De plus, les limites et les défis qu'il est important de prendre en compte pour l'analyse de la traduction seront analysées selon les stratégies mentionnées. Dans la partie discussion de l'étude, à partir de ces analyses et des stratégies utilisées, il sera discuté si le film a été traduit conformément à l'objectif de la création. Enfin, nous allons discuter s'il y a une signification plus profonde derrière le fait que le traducteur ne précise pas le sexe à chaque occasion ou ne fait pas d'effort supplémentaire pour le préciser.
Eco-translation in science fiction literature: Dune by Frank Herbert
Nowadays, any kind of contribution to raise awareness towards environment is deemed to be necessary as our planet is fighting against the problems of "global warming", "water scarcity" and "climate crisis". In eco-translation, the translator can play a crucial role for this aim in a society by being ecologically sensitive during the process of translation. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the strategies adopted for the translation of ecological items in Science Fiction works, to reveal some of the challenges that the translator might have encountered during the act of translation and to give insight into the roles of the translator to raise ecological awareness in a society by trying to determine whether the translator has been ecologically sensitive or not during this process. To this aim, in this study, 173 ecological terms in Frank Herbert's Dune and their Turkish translations by Dost Körpe have been comparatively analyzed in compliance with the translation strategies of Kansu-Yetkiner et. al (2018) adapted from Venuti, Newmark and Aixelà (literal translation, domestication, foreignization). It has been found out that the literal translation and the (domesticating) couplets/triplets are the most preferred translation strategies. In conclusion, it has been revealed that the translator has been ecologically sensitive during the act of translation.
Analyse de la traduction Française du roman de Leylâ Erbil "Une Drôle de Femme" et construction de la féminité dans le contexte de la traduction féministe
L'écriture féminine joue un grand rôle dans la formation de la conscience féministe et de la sous-culture féminine. Selon la théorie féministe, le langage masculin est transformé par le discours féminin. Leylâ Erbil est l'un des noms qui ont remarquablement contribué à l'écriture féminine turque. Le discours féminin occupe une place importante dans les romans, car elle utilise souvent des personnages féminins et raconte ses histoires en utilisant une perspective féminine en suivant de l'idéologie qu'elle adopte. De plus, Erbil inclut délibérément dans ses romans diverses constructions de la féminité, en dehors des constructions traditionnelles. Pour cette raison, il est important de préserver la voix féminine et la construction de la féminité pendant la traduction. Avec cette étude, on examinera tout d'abord l'idéologie de Leylâ Erbil imprégné sur sa vie littéraire, et on définira le processus de lecture orienté vers la traduction de l'écriture féminine, qui a un contexte intertextuel par rapport à la théorie féministe. À la lumière des données relevés, le roman de Leylâ Erbil « Tuhaf Bir Kadın » et la traduction française du roman « Une Drôle de Femme : Trajectoire d'une féministe dans la Turquie des années 60 » seront examinés de manière comparative. L'objectif de cette étude est de révéler à quel point la traduction française est marquée par le discours féministe et la construction de la féminité, qui a été délibérément utilisée en turc au niveau du contenu, du style et de la forme, et de voir à quel point la voix féminine est saisie dans la traduction. Mots Clés Traduction féministe, écriture féminine, discours féminine, traduction descriptive, théorie féministe
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar'ın Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü adlı eserinin İngilizce çevirilerinde kültürel öğelerin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi
Translation involves not only two different languages but also two different cultures. It acts as a means of mediation bridging linguistic and cultural differences. Translation, therefore, cannot be thought in isolation from culture. Literary works are often loaded with certain elements that are specific to a culture, which pose great challenges to the translator, especially in the case of translation activity between two distant cultures. Because these elements are widely unknown to the target culture, their transfer to the target language most often comes with problems arising from the differences between the source and receiving culture. They can be transferred into the receiving culture using source-text- or target-text-oriented translation strategies. Strategies predominantly used in transferring CSIs can help build a macro-level understanding of the translation in question as a whole. This study aims to analyze culture-specific items in English translations of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü translated by Ender Gürol (2001) and by Maureen Freely & Alexander Dawe (2013). All CSIs found in the novel will be identified and how they are transferred into the target language in both translations will be examined. Axielá's model for the translation of CSIs will be used to analyze the extracted CSIs. A random selection of the extractions will be discussed in detail. In light of the data found, Venuti's model will be used to reveal which strategy (foreignization vs. domestication) is predominantly used and to what extent the translators are visible in each translation.
Imageries of horror in literary translation: The Turkishtranslations of Clive Barker's the books of Blood volume I
Horror fiction occupies a significant place in Western literature, although it is not historically canonical. It has maintained its popularity since the emergence of the Gothic novel in the eighteenth century. With relatively fewer examples of horror fiction in Turkish, Turkish readers have been exposed to horror largely through translated works. Since the emotion of horror is central to the horror genre, transferring this emotion to the target text is crucial. Imagery as a literary device is a major contributor to the emotion of horror, termed "art horror" (Carroll, 1990) . This study aims to analyze the use of imagery in both source and target texts and to provide a descriptive analysis of the target texts, based on the translation strategies employed by the translators. Within this scope, the present study compares Clive Barker's The Books of Blood Volume I and its two Turkish translations. Ultimately, as a result of the analysis, it is found that particular translation strategies serve the purpose of re-creating ST art horror imagery in varying degrees and it is reasonable to evaluate those strategies in terms of their applicability in the reproduction of the source text art horror by prioritizing image representation over text representation.
Orhan Pamuk'un Kara Kitap adlı romanının Gürcüce çevirisi üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma
Orhan Pamuk, 2006'da kazandığı Nobel Ödülü ve özellikle Türkiye'de yoğun tepkiye sebep olan siyasi açıklamaları sayesinde, belki dünya çapında en çok tanınan ve eserleri en çok dile çevrilmiş Türk yazarıdır. Oryantalizm etkisi, Doğu-Batı çatışması, Türkiye'nin sosyal yapısı gibi meselelere sıkça ve yakından değinmektedir. Post-modern eserleri, özellikle Batı'da yoğun ilgi çekmiştir ve edebiyat zevkleri daha çok Batı'da hâkim yönelimlere göre oluşan Gürcistan da istisna olmamıştır. Orhan Pamuk'un eserlerinin ilk Gürcüce çevirileri onun Nobel Ödülü sahibi bir yazar olmadığı dönemlere ait ve 1990'lı yıllarda çıkan edebiyat dergilerine kadar gidiyor. Orhan Pamuk'un eserlerinin Gürcüce çevirileri arasında, Nana Canaşia tarafından çevrilmiş ve belki Gürcistan'da en popüler Orhan Pamuk romanı Kara Kitap'ın özel bir yere sahip olduğu söylenebilir – çevirmenin Türk kültürü bilgisi, metne yaklaşımı, mecaz, deyim ve benzer, kültüre özel ayrıntıları aktarırken seçtiği çözümlerin özel bir dikkate değer olduğu söylenebilir. Yüksek lisans yükümlükleri kapsamında ele alınan çalışmamızın amacı, Kara Kitap'ın Türkçe orijinalı ve Gürcüce çevirisini karşılaştırarak, çevirmenin faydalandığı yöntemleri, mecaz, deyim ve Türk kültürü bilgisi az okurlar için anlaşılması zor bölümleri çevirirken bulduğu çözümleri incelemektir. Kaynakça olarak, romanın orijinali ve Gürcüce çevirisi başta olmak üzere, çeviribilim alanında kaleme alınmış çeşitli çalışmalara, Tiflis'te yayımlanmış Türkçe Deyimler Sözlüğü dahil olmak üzere, çeşitli sözlüklere ve Türkçe-Gürcüce edebiyat çevirilerine katkıda bulunan çevirmenlerin tecrübesine başvuruldu.
Interpreter at the crossroads of communication, culture and language: A study on Amistad
The aim of this thesis is to explore the status/task and multiple roles of the interpreter in the film Amistad. Bringing together the approaches developed within communication and cultural studies with the approaches from the field of translation and interpreting studies, the thesis examines what the film reveals concerning the intricate relations between culture, language, communication and power in a case of linguistic, cultural and socio-economic asymmetry. The film narrates the story of the 'slaves' of the ship Amistad captured and put into trial in a legal setting where the medium of communication is a language foreign to them. The captives are deprived of a verbal tool to communicate with until an interpreter steps in, whose presence and intervention dramatically changes the course of events leading to their freedom. The analysis of Amistad as a film on language, communication, culture and translation has revealed that the film reflects both the multidimensional roles and a professional profile of the interpreter, the ethics of translation in terms of the relations of freedom and responsibility and the positions of the interpreter in communication as a process of encoding and decoding. As an eminent example revealing the central and critical role and function of the interpreter even in the fields in which translation is seen marginalized, the film shows the key role of the interpreter in the communication as a meaning creation process and power struggles. Amistad portrays the interpreter as one of the prominent players in the power games, struggles and conflicts, who incorporates, experiences, both reflects on and reflects and carries the complex and interrelated relations between the linguistic, cultural, discursive, ideological practices/constructs and power, infrastructure and hegemony, and who knows what lies behind and beyond the codes and the discourse of the dominant. Thus, the interpreter is the one who has the potential/power to either reinforce/re-produce or unsettle, even dissolve and abolish the well-organized, multi-dimensional and multi-level operating hegemonic systems structured by the power. The thesis concludes also suggesting that films may serve as potential sources of future research to explore what is behind and beyond all the workings and mechanisms of the activity of interpreting and to further explore the pivotal and critical roles of interpreter and interpreting in the encounter and clash of cultures.
(Non-)/conformity in translation: Who (non-)/conforms to what, when, how and why?
With the paradigm shift that happened in translation in the '70s, many of the concepts in translation studies have been modified or altogether replaced. One of the concepts that has been introduced to the field is the concept of (non-)conformity. (Non-)Conformity, along with the other concepts, brought about new perspectives to the field and helped improve the field. Additionally, academics suggested that these concepts be used in translator training, and gradually academics and trainers around the world implemented the concepts in their courses. However, the theories and concepts have been criticized from different angles by different scholars. Although the critiques touch upon certain valid points, they don't offer any implications as to how the theories and the concepts should be further modified. This dissertation analyzes the translation theories in terms of (non-)conformity, presents the criticism directed towards those theories, and in light of certain case studies, questions the validity of both the theories and the criticism. As a result, the dissertation offers certain suggestions into how the concept may be applied to translator training.
Terminology standards as a tool in the translation process of a technical text
Any translator who is involved in a translation project of a technical text may face terminological difficulties and need to act as a terminologist during the process. Translators who assume the role of a terminologist should have knowledge about terminology studies and terms to deal with these challenges. In this case, the most reliable resources for translators to acquire the necessary information are terminology standards. Standards help translators to work more efficiently and professionally. The objective of this study is to examine terms and term formation in detail according to terminology standards, and to seek solutions for the problems faced in the process of technical translations. Keywords: translator, technical text, term, terminology standards.
Dis/re-appearance of illusion: The quest for an ontology of translation studies
Following the cultural turn in translation studies, postcolonial studies on translation originating from literary studies have stressed the "in-betweenness" of translation and the translator. Yet, when problematized from a descriptive stance translations positioned to be "in-between" in the target system in view to the studies on cultural translation reveal a number of underlying questions. First of all, studies on postcolonial translations require a metaanalysis from the descriptive paradigm. The literature review on the subject demonstrates a lack of precise theoretical framework between translation analysis, theory and criticism. Secondly, the cultural translation dilemma concerning the semi-ethnographic literary works, the subject topic of which is culture itself, discloses the relationship between textless backtranslations and the concepts of pseudo- and assumed translations, in Gideon Toury's terminology. Thus, this thesis also looks for an answer regarding how assumed translations can be descriptively analyzed. The corpus includes translations of works whose authenticity is contested. Translations of A Turkish Woman's European Impressions and An Englishwoman in A Turkish Harem as examples of cultural translations returning to their original source system is analyzed with a strict eye on descriptivism. Upon this analysis the nature of "illusion" in translation studies is discussed. This discussion concludes with the fundamental enigma of an ontology of translation studies.
Analysis of an immigrant novel and its Turkish translation from the standpoint of translation studies
Translation has always been a part of cultural and social change and it has sometimes been seen as a tool of oppression and sometimes one that liberates the voice of others, those who are overlooked and underrated by dominant cultures. Those living in minority or immigrant groups have used language as a representation of their experiences and tried to be understood and accepted. One of the most representative examples of such an endeavor is included in this dissertation as a case study. It is a bilingual novel by Junot Diaz titled The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao that won the Pulitzer Award in 2008. The translation of this novel is by Püren Özgüren with the title of Oscar Wao'nun Tuhaf Kısa Yaşamı published in 2009. The source text uses code-switching and bilingualism as strategy to represent the complex and exotic nature of immigrant experience. The source and the target text are analyzed and described in this dissertation under the light of cultural perspective in translation studies and the term cultural translation.
Analysis of two translations in different literary genres of the play The Night of The Iguana by Tennessee Williams
Theatre translation has been a controversial issue among the academics of Translation Studies and the people who have been engaged in theatre. The characteristics of theatre texts like having non-verbal elements and being written to be staged cause some problems for the translators. In a translation process, in order to come up with a solution for those problems, different strategies and thoughts on how to translate theatre texts have been presented by many different academics. Among those strategies, two opposite ones which are translating for the page and translating for the stage come into prominence. By taking a generalization that concerns these two strategies into consideration, this thesis analyzes the two different Turkish translation of the play The Night of the Iguana by Tennessee Williams. While one of the target texts is İguananın Gecesi (1990) translated by Ülker İnce as a play, the other one is Iguana Gecesi (1966) translated by Canset Unan as a novel, which makes it an intergenre translation. Since there is a difference in the literary genres of the two target texts, an in-depth research has been done to find out whether there is a novel version of the source text, but nothing could be found. Considering this difference in literary genres of the target texts, the source text and the translations of it are analyzed in the light of Skopos Theory by Hans J. Vermeer.
Self-translation or translation: A false dichotomy
Traditional definitions of self-translation claim that a self-translated text is essentially a second original, unlike other forms of translation. Such a perspective also pre-supposes that author's authority directly transfers to self-translated texts, assuming that the author does not function as a translator. In addition to this, current research on self-translation focuses on power dynamics taking place in self-translation, not on target texts. Therefore, the present thesis aims at the present thesis will use Erendiz Atasü's Dağın Öteki Yüzü (1995) and its self-translation The Other Side of the Mountain (2000) as an example case to show that there might be self-translation cases that are incongruent with the assumptions of the aforementioned traditional perspectives. Also, the example case will be studied with a perspective that puts the target text in the center, unlike traditional studies on self-translation. In order to challenge the assumption that there is a direct authority transfer from the source text into the target text in self-translation, Theo Hermans' and Giuliana Schiavi's methodology on translator's voice will be used. Then, a comparative study of the source and target texts will be carried out, where Translation universals will be revealed, demonstrating that the present self-translation shows the typical features of translations carried out by non-authorial translators. By determining the differences between the voices in the texts and detecting translation universals, it will be argued that studying self-translations merely as translations would be more accurate besides putting the author in the position of a translator as cultural agent.
Creating a statistical based automotive oriented machine translation engine
This thesis is intended to be a source showing the machine translation outputs in the English - Turkish language pair for translation studies students, candidate translators, translators, and those who wish to obtain basic knowledge of machine translation. Within the scope of the thesis, the development of the automotive-oriented statistical-based machine translation engine, the steps of creating the engine and the problems that may be encountered while creating the engine are explained. Those who want to see how the Statistical Machine Translation engine works in the English - Turkish language pair will be able to find both information and illustrations regarding the stages of the process. This study which covers the steps of creating the Statistical Machine Translation engine is expected to be a useful resource for students who are concerned about finding jobs in the future. Since the data used in the thesis is limited, it is not intended to obtain high quality machine translation output.
Turkish issues in video game, web and mobile application localizations
Use of the Internet as a means of global communication gradually became widespread in the '90s. New terms have been introduced to translation industry such as Globalization (G11N), Internationalization (i18N), and Localization (L10N) with the global impact of the Internet. As to the translation industry in Turkey, the heavy translation demand of international companies wishing to get into Turkish market has confronted translation companies and translators with new challenges and problems. In this regard, this thesis aims at identifying common Turkish web, mobile application, and game localization problems and proposing solutions for them. Within the scope of the thesis, differences between localization and translation tools, the impact of transcreation on localization, and the reasons underlying web, mobile application, and game localizations problems are explored. Findings cover frequently visited websites, website applications, mobile applications and their help and support pages, PC games, console games (PlayStation and Xbox), online and mobile games. The solutions provided in the thesis are expected to be a useful resource for students of Translation and Interpreting Studies departments, prospective translators, and those who wish to obtain basic knowledge about localization in Turkey.
Customizing a banking and finance focused NMT System: An empirical study measuring the effect of controlled language
The industry of translation is developing day by day with technological innovations. These technological innovations make processes easier for the stakeholders of translation service who form the link of the translation service chain, including translators, editors, project managers and people who need translation services. Neural machine translation (NMT) is one of the most up-to-date innovations in the translation industry and NMT has become one of the milestones reshaping the translation industry. The task of NMT system development is mostly left to computer engineers and software experts. Translators often avoid attempts to improve these systems. The first aim of this study is to create an NMT system for banking and finance texts by using the advantage of today's technologies as a translator. In the second part of the study, it has been investigated whether the Controlled Language rules, which have been very popular in recent years, are effective in improving the quality of translations made in NMT system.
A descriptive and comparative study on the Turkish translations of Jean Webster's Daddy-Long-Legs
Around the world as well as in Turkey various studies are being conducted in the field of children's literature. There have been numerous discussions concerning the definition, types, functions and addressees of children's literature besides the roles played by adult readers, writers and translators. Thanks to its unique characteristics such as addressing to more than one audience, adapting contexts in line with the cultures, the relations of texts and images along with manipulations with ideological intentions, children's literature paves the way for countless studies on translated texts in the field. With the advantage of these features, a descriptive and comparative study has been carried out on the chosen Turkish translations, Örümcek Dede and Uzun Bacaklı Baba, of a renowned novel Daddy-Long-Legs, written by Jean Webster in 1912. With the aim of determining the equivalence relationship between Daddy-Long-Legs and the aforesaid translations to the acceptability and adequacy poles, norms and their relations in translation put forward by Gideon Toury (2012) constitute the framework of this study while the features that clarify the systemic constraints on translated texts put forward by Zohar Shavit (1986) constitute the focal point of this study. As a result, it can be asserted that the equivalence relationship between Örümcek Dede and Daddy-Long-Legs is close to the acceptability pole; the equivalence relationship between Uzun Bacaklı Baba and Daddy-Long-Legs is close to the adequacy pole. Nevertheless, the results of the analysis are valid for the chosen examples and aforesaid poles are not contrary. Besides, it can be claimed that the principles of systemic affiliation have been applied for Örümcek Dede and it is exposed to manipulation.
A descriptive approach to (im)possibility of poetry translation: A case study on pseudotranslation
Whether poetry translation is possible or not has been debated for centuries, and the poetry translation has been mostly seen as problematic. When the relevant literature is reviewed it has been observed that source oriented and prescriptive approach in translation theories towards the translation phenomena is at the roof of this problem, and the theories in translation has not found a solution to this problem. However, the changes that took place in the history of the translation in 1970s within the new paradigm are discussed as a turning point for approaching the translation phenomena. The changes that took place in translation reveal that it is possible to overcome the problems that are seen as underlying reasons for the impossibility of poetry translation. Studies on pseudotranslation as an outcome notion of the changes that occurred within the framework of the new paradigm shed light on the scope of descriptive translation studies. Therefore, in the case study part of the thesis, Kabareden Emekli Bir ''Kızkardeş'' that is offered as a translation of a poetry book, despite being an indigenous work, is analyzed in the light of descriptive translation studies. As a result, this thesis demonstrates that the non-existence of the corresponding source text, which is seen as the starting point of the untranslatability of poetry, cannot prevent descriptive studies; therefore, the problem of untranslatability in poetry can be overcome in the light of descriptive studies.
Extending the boundaries in descriptive translation analysis: A text mining approach
The notion of 'translational norms' was introduced by Gideon Toury in the late 1970s within Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS). The aim was to describe and explain translations to make generalizations regarding translational behavior. Toury deems examination of everything "untenable" due to human limitation. In this thesis, I argue that text mining can facilitate exhaustive analysis on 'operational norms.' Text mining is the automated analysis of text data to extract and discover new information. For the purpose of this research, a customized tool was designed by a software developer. In order to test the effectiveness of the software versus human effort, the corpus of a master's thesis was taken as a reference point to compare the results. The corpus underwent a preparation stage for achieving optimal results. After processing the corpus, operational norms were extracted to be interpreted. Consequently, the study provides results that cannot be obtained by sole human effort and enables researchers to gain further insights about the analyzed translations. This research therefore has a potential for making notable contribution to DTS. Further efforts are needed to improve the tool and verify its viability for different text types to ensure such contribution.
A descriptive study on the Turkish translation of Captains Courageous
The aim of this thesis is to conduct a thorough descriptive analysis on one of the Turkish translations of Captains Courageous (1897) by Rudyard Kipling. The original novel is regarded as one of the early examples of young adult fiction, a genre that has been underresearched both in literary studies and translation studies. Captains Courageous seems to have a special place in the systems of translated young adult and children's literature in Turkey since there are twenty-six translations of the book in total, all conducted after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. The translation that was carried out by Kamuran Şerif [Saru] and published in Arabic letters in 1928 right before the alphabet reform is selected as the focus of the descriptive analysis since it is the first translation of the work and it represents one of the most critical periods in Turkish history, namely the early Republican Period. The methodology of the descriptive analysis is mainly based on the theoretical contributions of the prominent members of the Descriptive School. While Gideon Toury's target-oriented theory (1985) is used to observe the norms governing the translation process, Itamaar Even-Zohar's Polysystem Theory (1978) and Andre Lefevere's notion of "patronage" (1992) are also benefitted from in an attempt to clarify the parallels between the translator's strategies and the dominant ideological and poetological tendencies of the early Republican Period. The findings of the descriptive study indicate that the equivalence relationship between the source and the target texts could generally be defined as "acceptable" (Toury, 1995, 56) although when lower-level decisions of the translator are taken into account, it could be claimed that the translator skillfully moves back and forth between the adequacy and acceptability poles. The findings also reveal that most choices of the translator are in accord with the poetics of his time and that the ideological tendencies of the period could be observed in the decisions of the translator as well as in the foreword written by Ahmet Cevat [Emre], one of the prominent Turkologists of the period in question.