The Greek architects and their influences in İstanbul: 1800 - 1950

Relating to the rise of the modernization of the Ottoman Empire, in this study the principal aim is stated on presenting the contributions and demostrations of Greek architects to the Ottoman Architecture in 19th and 20th centuries. Their roles, while reflecting the European styles (or tastes) to the Ottoman style are remarkable, or can be accepted as a catalyst at that period. In this research, the main point is to bring out the constructions, especially made by the Greek architects in that period, exhibit their technical expertises and skills and their artistic effects applied on the Ottoman (Empire) Architecture (coming across with authorized construction, signed by the architects originally). Because of lack of factual materials and documentaries either in Greek or in Turkish languages, the offical archives authorized by the govermental department have been taken notice while collecting the materials, knowledge and information. In fact, before this period, non- Muslim architects, despite of the strictures of working contidions, can be recognised as the beginning of their existences. In 19th century, some revolutions and the approch to the nationalism have given the non-Muslim architects a great deal of freedom to expose their skills more intensively than ever especially compared with conditions, facilities on working site of the last century. The effects of the European Architecture can be sensed either internally or externally in the constructions. Later in 1930, 1950, because of social and political reasons, Greek Architects have lost their existence and reputations. Turkish architects have taken their place in the architecture of Turkey so far. Keywords: Ottoman Architecture, Political Reforms, Organization of Architectural Practice.