2D nanomaterial based photodynamic therapy directed for glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive type of brain tumor arising from glial cells in the brain. Glioblastoma is usually treated with surgical resection, concurrent radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. While the disease tends to relapse after these treatments, it significantly reduces survival in patients with a fatal prognosis. In response to this need, the two-dimensional nanomaterials graphitic carbon nitrite and MXene derivative molybdenum titanium carbide, which are both preferred for photodynamic therapy, were used in this thesis. The effective photosensitizer dose and light exposure times for the treatment of glioblastoma were determined, and the potential for photodynamic therapy was revealed. Photodynamic therapy can be performed via LED light as well as using laser light to produce biocompatible hydrogel microfluidic optical fibers that can be implanted into the brain due to higher light quality and better optical alignment properties. Optical and mechanical characterizations of the produced microfluidic optical fibers as well as ex-vivo efficiency tests were carried out.In light of these findings, a photodynamic therapy protocol using 2-dimensional nanomaterial graphitic carbon nitrite and Molibdenum titanium carbur in the treatment of glioblastoma was developed in the pre-clinical stage for the first time in our country. For the first time in the literature, a biomaterial that can be combined with a fibers has been created and tested for the purpose of microfluidic hydrogel optical fiber mediated photodynamic therapy.