An evaluation of director-focused avant-garde theater in Europe-America and Turkey after 20th century over postdramatic examples

Theater has been through many transitions and changes since it's ritualistic roots to this day. When looked from a panoramic perspective these changes can be seen. However, in this panorama, it is concluded that these changes and transformations that the theater has undergone until the 21st century have always been through form. I. e; When the differences between a theater performed during the period when classicism was dominant and the theater performed later on when romanticism was dominant, it is determined that they are the same in terms of essence but differ in terms of form. It is determined that the theater has internalized the dramatic structure that Aristotle drew in the Poetics as an essence, and has a historical journey that has undergone transformations in terms of form over time for the purpose of innovation and experiment. However, in the 21st century, it is observed that some attempts were made to transform the dramatic structure, which is the essence of the theater. The 21st century has the specialty of being a century that started with the concept of "postdramatic theater" from the perspective of theater. It is concluded that the previous century was again a century that embodied far more transformations that the theater has undergone since its roots have experienced. Therefore, it is assumed that the greatest footprints of the concept of postdramatic are within the theater of the 20th century. The 20th century especially in terms of theater, is characterized by the emergence of the concept of directing, in which the theater gained a more disciplined and organized structure, and experiments were made on almost all the components of the theater in terms of stage, costume, acting and director. It has been a century in which the concept of directing was first discovered on the theater, and then the theater was questioned and tried to be restructured, from the way of watching to the way of acting, with the attempts of historical avant-gardes and avant-garde directors. The end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century was the period when the concept of postdramatic theater began to be discussed. The first director in this time period was the Duke of Saxe Meiningen II. George, In Russia Stanislavski, Meyerhold, Vakhtangov, Tairov, In Europe Richard Wagner, Otto Brahm, Adolphe Appia, Edward Gordon-Craig, Max Reinhardart, Erwin Piscator, Bertold Brecht, Antonin Artaud, Andre Antoine, Jeryz Grotowski, Ariane Mnouchkine, Peter Brook, Thomas Ostermeier, Eugenio Barba, Pina Bausch, In USA Robert Wilson, Augusto Boal, Richard Schechner, The Living Theatre, Bread and Puppet Theatre, Environmental theater examples, In Turkey, theatral actors, directors and groups such as Bilsak, TAL, Oyuncu Studio and Ferhan Şensoy have made new experiments. When the path all these essays and new initiatives are followed, it is observed that the 21st century has begun with the latest postdramatic concept being discussed. It is possible to see in the current theater staging the innovations and elements that theater people who lived in the 20th century added to the theater. Because it is determined that these directors and actors influenced each other during that time, and the experiments they made by influencing the sequent continued to be in effect for many years. Just at this point, it is observed that the concept of postdramatic is discussed and debated in the period when the elements and concepts are intertwined. Key words: Avant-garde Theatre, Avant-garde Directors, Postdramatic Theatre, Euro-American Theatre, Avant-Garde Teory