Effective crisis management in disaster and emergency situations

The crisis refers to a threat from an unexpected situation. This means an event that threatens the stability of a society, and therefore the institutions. The process of effectively managing and handling such events or threats is known as "Crisis Management". Crises are of different types and character, and require different forms of response and management. Today, we have to deal with many crises such economic, social, political, diplomatic, technological, etc. Effective crisis management in disasters and emergencies is the focus of our study. Getting the risk management right before the crises occur and being prepared for the crises have an important place in our study. Although there are reasons such as lack of sturdy management, lack of precautionary measures and wrong choices that cause the crises to occur, it is known that the main reason is the practices that are outmoded. The complexity of recent crises often requires the involvement of many actors, as well as effective coordination for a successful outcome. In addition to many potential might happen, there are so many occurrence of natural disasters in Turkey has revealed the necessity of the different measures taken so far. The disasters experienced have caused many people to lose their lives, serious damage, etc. leads to various negative consequences. That reveals the importance of awareness and taking action against disasters. The crisis period is constantly experienced in all areas of daily life, and these crises mostly derive from economic, psychological, social, political and natural disasters. In the crisis periods that occur, the general order of the people deteriorates especially in crises caused by disasters; Risky situations that result in physical, economic and social negative consequences arise. In such cases, besides making correct and fast decisions, administrations have difficulties in implementing the decisions actively. The fact that the crisis situation can be managed and the emergence of successful examples have increased the importance given to crisis management and crisis communication. In order to effectively deal with disasters and emergencies, crisis management must be mandatory from the outset and all key institutions should be jointly directed. Since the tools that facilitate and accelerate the establishment of processes and response to the crisis are critical, one-stop management is extremely important. For effective crisis management, principally responsible institutions are needed to ensure that plans and skills are up-to-date within institutions and organizations. Our study focused on the organization of resources and responsibilities with a risk management approach before disasters occur, in order to provide an understanding of effective crisis management in disasters and emergencies and to improve its operability. At the same time, different approaches and practices in dealing with crises are handled with both classic and new examples and how effective crisis management can be done in disasters and emergencies will be emphasized. Key Words : Disaster, Emergency, Crisis Management