Restoration and conservation methods of metal artifacts recovered from the Alanya Ottoman shipwreck

This thesis explores the restoration and conservation processes of archaeological metal artifacts recovered from the Alanya Ottoman Shipwreck, dated to the Ottoman period, through an interdisciplinary approach. The shipwreck, which dates back to the early 18th century and holds significant value in the maritime history of the Ottoman Empire, offers crucial insights into commercial maritime transport of the era. In this study, scientific techniques such as X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis, X-ray imaging, stereo microscopy, and salt content measurement were employed to examine the composition of the artifacts, and the conservation-restoration processes were accordingly completed. The first chapter presents a historical perspective on the Ottoman Empire's maritime presence in the Mediterranean, focusing on its naval activities and military dominance. It also examines the socio-economic dimensions of 18th-century Ottoman maritime trade. The second chapter outlines the theoretical foundations of underwater archaeology and evaluates developments in the field through examples of Ottoman-period shipwreck excavations conducted along the Turkish coastline. The third chapter provides a detailed introduction to the Ottoman shipwreck found off the coast of Alanya, including its discovery, excavation process, the characteristics of the finds, and their historical context. In the fourth chapter, the degradation processes encountered by underwater metal artifacts (such as corrosion, salt crystallization, and biological effects) are scientifically analyzed. Restoration and conservation techniques are discussed in relation to preventive conservation methods and international standards. The fifth and final chapter presents case studies of the specific conservation and restoration methods applied to the metal artifacts recovered from the Alanya Ottoman Shipwreck. Strategies aimed at preserving the original material characteristics of the artifacts are assessed, and their functional uses and dating are evaluated through comparative examples. Based on the findings, both practical conservation procedures were implemented and a sustainable conservation approach was adopted that aims to preserve the original integrity of the Ottoman-period artifacts. In this regard, the thesis offers not only technical applications but also a comprehensive evaluation that incorporates ethical responsibilities concerning the preservation of cultural heritage.