Typology problems in the Anatolian Seljuk architecture (Mosques, caravanserais, baths, tombs)

There are many studies about mosques, caravanserais, baths and tombs among the building species dated to the Anatolian Seljuk Period. However, there are typology problems in all of these studies. Problems such as incorrect definition of the structure type, inconsistency of references used in typology, trying to create a type with a single or a small number of examples, leads to erroneous results in the determination of the characteristics of the building species that constitute the thesis subject. Therefore, the architectural development of these building species cannot be understood correctly; and then, the design integrity and diversity in the architectural culture of the Anatolian Seljuk Period cannot be revealed with a holistic determination. In this study, it has been tried to find solutions to the typology problems in Anatolian Seljuk Architecture researches. Among the mentioned building types, mosques were evaluated in five types with reference to the general plan design: "1. Type reflecting the Great Seljuk tradition", "2. Domed type in front of the mihrab in the transversely arranged space", "3. Basilical type", "4. Homogeneal, hypostyle type"; "5. The single-space type". Single space type is divided into two sub-headings as "Domed" and "Flat roofed". Caravanserais has been classified into three main types with reference to the general plan design that prioritizes the presence or absence of hall and court sections: "1. Classical type", "2. Closed type", "3. Centered courtyard type". Classical and closed type caravanserais are divided into sub-headings based on the design of the closed part as: "Basilical", "Transept", "Central", "Single-nave" "Double-nave". Anatolian Seljuk baths has been classified into three types with reference to the plan design of the hot sections as: "1. Four Iwans with Corner Private Cells", "2. Star-shaped", "3. "Transversal Hot Room with Two Private Cells". The tombs were evaluated in three types with reference to the shaft form: "1. Kümbets", "2. Square Tombs", "3. Ivan Tombs". The title of Kümbets is divided into three subheadings with reference to the façade design: "Polygonal", "Rectangular", "Cylindrical". In this thesis, building types were determined by propounding the design integrity and diversity in all examples, and new typologies were proposed. The geographical and chronological distributions of the types were analyzed through these typologies, and the development of building species was based upon a scientific foundations. Thus, the dominant character of Anatolian Seljuk Architecture in building designs has been tried to be determined. Therefore, the position of the architectural examples in the Anatolian Seljuk period within the development line of Turkish Architecture has been clarified.